महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-22, verse-28

पञ्चाधिकं शतं तच्च निहतं तत्र भारत ।
महावनमिव छिन्नं शिश्ये विगलितद्रुमम् ॥२८॥

28. pañcādhikaṁ śataṁ tacca nihataṁ tatra bhārata ,
mahāvanamiva chinnaṁ śiśye vigalitadrumam.

28. pañca adhikam śatam tat ca nihatam tatra bhārata
mahāvanam iva chinnam śiśye vigalitadrumam

28. And there, O Bhārata, those one hundred and five (Kīcakas) lay slain, just like a great forest that has been cut down, with its trees scattered.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• अधिकम् (adhikam) - more, in excess, additional

• शतम् (śatam) - hundred

• तत् (tat) - that, those

• च (ca) - and, also

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, destroyed

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata

• महावनम् (mahāvanam) - great forest

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• छिन्नम् (chinnam) - cut down (like a forest) (cut, severed, broken)

• शिश्ये (śiśye) - lay, lay down, fell

• विगलितद्रुमम् (vigalitadrumam) - with scattered/fallen trees

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Used as the first part of the compound 'pañcādhikam'.

अधिकम् (adhikam) - more, in excess, additional

(adjective)

neuter, singular of adhika

adhika - more, excessive, additional

Note: Part of the compound 'pañcādhikam' (100 plus 5 = 105). In neuter singular, qualifying 'śatam' (implicitly 'śatam adhikam' - 100 with more, i.e., 105).

शतम् (śatam) - hundred

(numeral)

Note: Refers to a hundred persons, implicitly the Kīcakas.

तत् (tat) - that, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'pañcādhikam śatam' (105 persons).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tat' (referring to the group of Kīcakas).

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, a king of the Pūru dynasty

महावनम् (mahāvanam) - great forest

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+vana)

• mahant – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

छिन्नम् (chinnam) - cut down (like a forest) (cut, severed, broken)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, broken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √chid (to cut, cleave).

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'mahāvanam'.

शिश्ये (śiśye) - lay, lay down, fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of √śī

Imperfect Middle 3rd Singular

Derived from the root √śī, 'to lie down'.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'tat' (the 105 Kīcakas) and 'mahāvanam' in the simile.

विगलितद्रुमम् (vigalitadrumam) - with scattered/fallen trees

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vigalitadruma

vigalitadruma - having fallen trees, with scattered trees

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigalita+druma)

• vigalita – fallen, dropped, scattered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √gal (to drip, flow) with prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gal (class 1)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'mahāvanam'.