महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-22, verse-21

तं सिंहमिव संक्रुद्धं दृष्ट्वा गन्धर्वमागतम् ।
वित्रेसुः सर्वतः सूता विषादभयकम्पिताः ॥२१॥

21. taṁ siṁhamiva saṁkruddhaṁ dṛṣṭvā gandharvamāgatam ,
vitresuḥ sarvataḥ sūtā viṣādabhayakampitāḥ.

21. tam siṃham iva saṃkruddham dṛṣṭvā gandharvam
āgatam vitresuḥ sarvataḥ sūtāḥ viṣādabhayakampitāḥ

21. Having seen that Gandharva, approaching like a greatly enraged lion, the charioteers, agitated by dejection and fear, trembled everywhere.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to the Gandharva (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• सिंहम् (siṁham) - lion

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• संक्रुद्धम् (saṁkruddham) - greatly enraged, furious

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• गन्धर्वम् (gandharvam) - Gandharva (celestial musician)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, approached, come

• वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they were terrified

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• सूताः (sūtāḥ) - charioteers

• विषादभयकम्पिताः (viṣādabhayakampitāḥ) - agitated by dejection and fear

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to the Gandharva (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सिंहम् (siṁham) - lion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating comparison.

संक्रुद्धम् (saṁkruddham) - greatly enraged, furious

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - greatly angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

From sam- + root krudh (to be angry).

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) with suffix ktvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

गन्धर्वम् (gandharvam) - Gandharva (celestial musician)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gandharva

gandharva - a class of celestial beings, often skilled in music and song

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, approached, come

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

From ā- + root gam (to go).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

वित्रेसुः (vitresuḥ) - they trembled, they were terrified

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of tras

Perfect Tense

From root tras (to tremble), Pāṇinian Class 1. vi- is an upasarga. vitresuḥ is vi- + tras in perfect third person plural.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix tas indicating 'from/on all'.

सूताः (sūtāḥ) - charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald

विषादभयकम्पिताः (viṣādabhayakampitāḥ) - agitated by dejection and fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣādabhayakampita

viṣādabhayakampita - trembled/agitated by dejection and fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣāda+bhaya+kampita)

• viṣāda – dejection, despair, sadness
  noun (masculine)
  From vi- + root sad (to sink down).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, dread, alarm
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• kampita – trembled, agitated, shaken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kamp (to tremble, shake).
  Root: kamp (class 1)