महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-22, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्मिन्काले समागम्य सर्वे तत्रास्य बान्धवाः ।
रुरुदुः कीचकं दृष्ट्वा परिवार्य समन्ततः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasminkāle samāgamya sarve tatrāsya bāndhavāḥ ,
ruruduḥ kīcakaṁ dṛṣṭvā parivārya samantataḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tasmin kāle samāgamya sarve tatra asya
bāndhavāḥ ruruduḥ kīcakam dṛṣṭvā parivārya samantataḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: At that time, all his relatives assembled there. Seeing Kīcaka, they surrounded him from all sides and wept.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, at that

• काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

• समागम्य (samāgamya) - having assembled, having come together

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his; of this, its

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept, cried

• कीचकम् (kīcakam) - Kīcaka

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, a narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, at that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'kāle'.

काले (kāle) - in time, at the time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season

समागम्य (samāgamya) - having assembled, having come together

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'gam' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'bāndhavāḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the location where Kīcaka was found.

अस्य (asya) - of him, his; of this, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - they wept, cried

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of rud

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person plural, active voice of root 'rud'

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: The main verb describing the action of the relatives.

कीचकम् (kīcakam) - Kīcaka

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kīcaka

kīcaka - Kīcaka (name of a powerful general in the court of Virāṭa, slain by Bhīma)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating a preceding action.

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form from root 'vṛ' with prefix 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Functions adverbially.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all around) with the suffix '-tas'