महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-69, verse-23

रथघोषं तु तं श्रुत्वा हयसंग्रहणं च तत् ।
वार्ष्णेयश्चिन्तयामास बाहुकस्य हयज्ञताम् ॥२३॥

23. rathaghoṣaṁ tu taṁ śrutvā hayasaṁgrahaṇaṁ ca tat ,
vārṣṇeyaścintayāmāsa bāhukasya hayajñatām.

23. rathaghoṣam tu tam śrutvā hayasaṃgrahaṇam ca
tat vārṣṇeyaḥ cintayāmāsa bāhukasya hayajñatām

23. Indeed, having heard that sound of the chariot and observing that horsemanship, Vārṣṇeya (the charioteer) pondered Bahuka's skill in horses.

Words meanings summery:

• रथघोषम् (rathaghoṣam) - the sound of the chariot

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

• तम् (tam) - that

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• हयसंग्रहणम् (hayasaṁgrahaṇam) - the control of horses, horsemanship

• च (ca) - and

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to hayasaṃgrahaṇam)

• वार्ष्णेयः (vārṣṇeyaḥ) - the charioteer Vārṣṇeya, Nala's companion during his disguise as Bahuka (Vārṣṇeya (name of a charioteer))

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered, he reflected

• बाहुकस्य (bāhukasya) - of Bahuka

• हयज्ञताम् (hayajñatām) - the knowledge of horses, skill in horsemanship

Words meanings and morphology

रथघोषम् (rathaghoṣam) - the sound of the chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathaghoṣa

rathaghoṣa - sound of the chariot, rattling of the chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+ghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, yet

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with ktvā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

हयसंग्रहणम् (hayasaṁgrahaṇam) - the control of horses, horsemanship

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hayasaṃgrahaṇa

hayasaṁgrahaṇa - control of horses, horsemanship

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+saṃgrahaṇa)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• saṃgrahaṇa – seizing, collecting, holding, controlling
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root 'grah' with 'sam' prefix, using lyuṭ suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: grah (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to hayasaṃgrahaṇam)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

वार्ष्णेयः (vārṣṇeyaḥ) - the charioteer Vārṣṇeya, Nala's companion during his disguise as Bahuka (Vārṣṇeya (name of a charioteer))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi, Vārṣṇeya (a proper name, often applied to Kṛṣṇa, or a charioteer in this context)

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he pondered, he reflected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of cintayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

Periphrastic perfect form of the root 'cint' (10th class or causative of 'cit').

Root: cint (class 10)

बाहुकस्य (bāhukasya) - of Bahuka

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bāhuka

bāhuka - Bahuka (name of Nala in disguise)

हयज्ञताम् (hayajñatām) - the knowledge of horses, skill in horsemanship

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hayajñatā

hayajñatā - knowledge of horses, skill in horsemanship

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+jñatā)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• jñatā – knowledge, knowing, being acquainted with
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'jñā' with the suffix 'tā'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)