महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-69, verse-17

बृहदश्व उवाच ।
ततः सदश्वांश्चतुरः कुलशीलसमन्वितान् ।
योजयामास कुशलो जवयुक्तान्रथे नरः ॥१७॥

17. bṛhadaśva uvāca ,
tataḥ sadaśvāṁścaturaḥ kulaśīlasamanvitān ,
yojayāmāsa kuśalo javayuktānrathe naraḥ.

17. bṛhadaśvaḥ uvāca tataḥ sadaśvān caturaḥ kulaśīlasamanvitān
yojayām āsa kuśalaḥ javayuktān rathe naraḥ

17. Bṛhadaśva said: Then, the skilled man (Nala) harnessed to the chariot four excellent horses, which were endowed with good lineage and character, and were swift.

17. בְּרִיהַדַשְׁוַה אמר, אז האיש המיומן הרתים למרכבה ארבעה סוסים מצוינים, מיוחסים ובעלי אופי טוב ומלאי מהירות.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• सदश्वान् (sadaśvān) - excellent horses, good horses

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• कुलशीलसमन्वितान् (kulaśīlasamanvitān) - endowed with good lineage and character

• योजयाम् आस (yojayām āsa) - harnessed, yoked

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, clever, expert

• जवयुक्तान् (javayuktān) - swift, endowed with speed

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot, on the chariot

• नरः (naraḥ) - Nala (as the skilled man) (man, person)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहदश्वः (bṛhadaśvaḥ) - Bṛhadaśva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhadaśva

bṛhadaśva - name of a sage

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bṛhat+aśva)

• bṛhat – great, large
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

सदश्वान् (sadaśvān) - excellent horses, good horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sadaśva

sadaśva - excellent horse, good horse

Compound type : karmadharaya (sat+aśva)

• sat – good, excellent, real
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

कुलशीलसमन्वितान् (kulaśīlasamanvitān) - endowed with good lineage and character

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kulaśīlasamanvita

kulaśīlasamanvita - endowed with good lineage and character

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kula+śīla+samanvita)

• kula – family, lineage
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – character, conduct
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – endowed with, possessed of
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam + anu + i (to go)
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: qualifies sadaśvān

योजयाम् आस (yojayām āsa) - harnessed, yoked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yuj

Periphrastic Perfect, causative form of yuj

Formed from the accusative of the noun 'yojā' (from causative yuj) + perfect of as (to be)

Root: yuj (class 7)

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skilled, clever, expert

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skilled, clever, expert, well-being

Note: qualifies naraḥ

जवयुक्तान् (javayuktān) - swift, endowed with speed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of javayukta

javayukta - endowed with speed, swift

Compound type : tatpurusha (java+yukta)

• java – speed, swiftness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jū (class 1)
• yukta – joined, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yuj
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: qualifies sadaśvān

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot, on the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

नरः (naraḥ) - Nala (as the skilled man) (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, hero

Note: Subject of yojayām āsa

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