महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-69, verse-20

रश्मिभिश्च समुद्यम्य नलो यातुमियेष सः ।
सूतमारोप्य वार्ष्णेयं जवमास्थाय वै परम् ॥२०॥

20. raśmibhiśca samudyamya nalo yātumiyeṣa saḥ ,
sūtamāropya vārṣṇeyaṁ javamāsthāya vai param.

20. raśmibhiḥ ca samudyamya nalaḥ yātum iyeṣa saḥ |
sūtam āropya vārṣṇeyam javam āsthāya vai param

20. And he, Nala, wished to depart, taking hold of the reins, having seated the charioteer Vārṣṇeya, and indeed, having attained the utmost speed.

Words meanings summery:

• रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - with reins, by means of reins

• च (ca) - and, also

• समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - having taken up, having raised, having grasped

• नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (name of the king)

• यातुम् (yātum) - to go, to depart

• इयेष (iyeṣa) - desired, wished

• सः (saḥ) - Nala (he)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having caused to ascend, having seated

• वार्ष्णेयम् (vārṣṇeyam) - Vārṣṇeya (name of the charioteer)

• जवम् (javam) - speed, swiftness

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having taken, having adopted, having attained

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• परम् (param) - supreme, utmost, highest

Words meanings and morphology

रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - with reins, by means of reins

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - rein, rope, ray of light

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - having taken up, having raised, having grasped

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Formed from root yam with prefixes sam-ud

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: absolutive modifying the action of iyeṣa

नलः (nalaḥ) - Nala (name of the king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nala

nala - name of a king

Note: Subject of iyeṣa

यातुम् (yātum) - to go, to depart

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of root yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: expresses purpose, object of iyeṣa

इयेष (iyeṣa) - desired, wished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of iṣ

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada of root iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)

सः (saḥ) - Nala (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: reinforces nalaḥ as the subject

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard

Note: object of āropya

आरोप्य (āropya) - having caused to ascend, having seated

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Absolutive (causative) of root ruh with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: absolutive modifying the action of iyeṣa

वार्ष्णेयम् (vārṣṇeyam) - Vārṣṇeya (name of the charioteer)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi, name of a charioteer (often referring to Kṛṣṇa's charioteer, or here, another specific charioteer)

Derivative of Vṛṣṇi, 'son/descendant of Vṛṣṇi'

Note: Appositive to sūtam

जवम् (javam) - speed, swiftness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, velocity

Root: jū (class 1)

Note: object of āsthāya

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having resorted to, having taken, having adopted, having attained

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Absolutive of root sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: absolutive modifying the action of iyeṣa

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: emphasizes the following word/idea

परम् (param) - supreme, utmost, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, utmost, excellent

Note: qualifies javam