महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-69, verse-10

ततः परीक्षामश्वानां चक्रे राजन्स बाहुकः ।
अश्वशालामुपागम्य भाङ्गस्वरिनृपाज्ञया ॥१०॥

10. tataḥ parīkṣāmaśvānāṁ cakre rājansa bāhukaḥ ,
aśvaśālāmupāgamya bhāṅgasvarinṛpājñayā.

10. tataḥ parīkṣām aśvānām cakre rājan saḥ bāhukaḥ
aśvaśālām upāgamya bhāṅgasvarinṛpājñayā

10. Then, O king, Bāhuka, approaching the stable, conducted an inspection of the horses, acting upon the command of King Bhāṅgasvari.

10. אז, הו מלך, בָּאהוּקַה בא לאורווה בפקודת המלך בן בְּהָאנְגַסְוַרִי ובחן את הסוסים.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• परीक्षाम् (parīkṣām) - inspection, examination, test

• अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of horses

• चक्रे (cakre) - he did, he made, he performed

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to a king (listener/narratee). (O king)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Bāhuka. (he, that)

• बाहुकः (bāhukaḥ) - Bāhuka (proper name)

• अश्वशालाम् (aśvaśālām) - to the stable, horse-shed

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached, having gone near

• भाङ्गस्वरिनृपाज्ञया (bhāṅgasvarinṛpājñayā) - Bhāṅgasvari is an epithet often associated with King Ṛtuparṇa. (by the command of King Bhāṅgasvari)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Avyaya (indeclinable).

परीक्षाम् (parīkṣām) - inspection, examination, test

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parīkṣā

parīkṣā - examination, inspection, test

From prefix pari + root īkṣ (to see).

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'cakre' (did).

अश्वानाम् (aśvānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Possessive, "of the horses".

चक्रे (cakre) - he did, he made, he performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect indicative (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle Indicative, 3rd person singular

Represents past action.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Middle voice is common for 'kṛ' in past tenses when the action is for oneself.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to a king (listener/narratee). (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Bāhuka. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'bāhukaḥ'.

बाहुकः (bāhukaḥ) - Bāhuka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāhuka

bāhuka - Name of Nala in his disguised form as a charioteer.

Note: Subject of 'cakre'.

अश्वशालाम् (aśvaśālām) - to the stable, horse-shed

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśvaśālā

aśvaśālā - horse-stable, horse-shed

Compound of aśva (horse) + śālā (shed/house).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+śālā)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• śālā – hall, house, shed
  noun (feminine)

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix upa + ā + root gam + suffix -ya.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Gerund/Absolutive.

भाङ्गस्वरिनृपाज्ञया (bhāṅgasvarinṛpājñayā) - Bhāṅgasvari is an epithet often associated with King Ṛtuparṇa. (by the command of King Bhāṅgasvari)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhāṅgasvarinṛpājñā

bhāṅgasvarinṛpājñā - command of King Bhāṅgasvari

Compound of Bhāṅgasvari (proper noun) + nṛpa (king) + ājñā (command).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāṅgasvari+nṛpa+ājñā)

• bhāṅgasvari – name of a king or a dynastic name, sometimes an epithet for Ṛtuparṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• nṛpa – king
  noun (masculine)
• ājñā – command, order
  noun (feminine)
  From prefix ā + root jñā (to know).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Instrumental case indicates means or cause.

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