महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-69, verse-11

स त्वर्यमाणो बहुश ऋतुपर्णेन बाहुकः ।
अध्यगच्छत्कृशानश्वान्समर्थानध्वनि क्षमान् ॥११॥

11. sa tvaryamāṇo bahuśa ṛtuparṇena bāhukaḥ ,
adhyagacchatkṛśānaśvānsamarthānadhvani kṣamān.

11. saḥ tvarayamāṇaḥ bahuśaḥ ṛtuparṇena bāhukaḥ
adhyagacchat kṛśān aśvān samarthān adhvani kṣamān

11. Though greatly urged by Ṛtuparṇa, Bāhuka found horses that were lean, yet capable and enduring on the journey.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Bāhuka. (he, that)

• त्वरयमाणः (tvarayamāṇaḥ) - being hastened, being urged, being hurried

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, frequently, greatly

• ऋतुपर्णेन (ṛtuparṇena) - by Ṛtuparṇa

• बाहुकः (bāhukaḥ) - Bāhuka (proper name)

• अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he found, he came upon, he understood

• कृशान् (kṛśān) - lean, emaciated

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable, able, strong

• अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the path, on the road, on the journey

• क्षमान् (kṣamān) - patient, enduring, capable of bearing

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Bāhuka. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'bāhukaḥ'.

त्वरयमाणः (tvarayamāṇaḥ) - being hastened, being urged, being hurried

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarayamāṇa

tvarayamāṇa - hastening, hurrying (present active participle); being hastened (present passive participle for causative)

Present Middle Participle (causative)

Root tvar (to hurry) in causative (tvārayati) + present middle participle suffix (-māna). Here it means "being hastened/urged".

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe Bāhuka.

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, frequently, greatly

(indeclinable)

Derived from bahu (many) with suffix -śas.

Note: Adverbial.

ऋतुपर्णेन (ṛtuparṇena) - by Ṛtuparṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ṛtuparṇa

ṛtuparṇa - name of a king, specifically the king of Ayodhyā in the Nala episode.

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'tvarayamāṇaḥ'.

बाहुकः (bāhukaḥ) - Bāhuka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāhuka

bāhuka - Name of Nala in his disguised form.

Note: Subject of 'adhyagacchat'.

अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he found, he came upon, he understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect indicative (laṅ) of adhigam

Past Imperfect Active Indicative, 3rd person singular

Prefix adhi + root gam.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

कृशान् (kṛśān) - lean, emaciated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛśa

kṛśa - lean, thin, emaciated

Root: kṛś (class 4)

Note: Describes 'aśvān'.

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Object of 'adhyagacchat'.

समर्थान् (samarthān) - capable, able, strong

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samartha

samartha - capable, able, fit, strong, suitable

From prefix sam + artha (purpose/meaning/power).

Note: Describes 'aśvān'.

अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the path, on the road, on the journey

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - path, road, journey, course

Note: Indicates location or context.

क्षमान् (kṣamān) - patient, enduring, capable of bearing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṣama

kṣama - patient, able, capable, enduring

From root kṣam (to endure, be able).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Describes 'aśvān'.