महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-3, verse-6

गत्वोत्तरायणं तेजोरसानुद्धृत्य रश्मिभिः ।
दक्षिणायनमावृत्तो महीं निविशते रविः ॥६॥

6. gatvottarāyaṇaṁ tejorasānuddhṛtya raśmibhiḥ ,
dakṣiṇāyanamāvṛtto mahīṁ niviśate raviḥ.

6. gatvā uttarāyaṇam tejorasān uddhṛtya raśmibhiḥ
| dakṣiṇāyanam āvṛttaḥ mahīm niviśate raviḥ

6. Having reached the northern course (uttarāyaṇa), and having drawn up the vital essences of energy with his rays, the Sun (ravi) returns to the southern course (dakṣiṇāyana) and enters the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

• उत्तरायणम् (uttarāyaṇam) - the northern course (of the sun) (the northern course)

• तेजोरसान् (tejorasān) - vital essences of energy, essential fluids of light/heat

• उद्धृत्य (uddhṛtya) - having drawn up, having raised, having extracted

• रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - by rays

• दक्षिणायनम् (dakṣiṇāyanam) - the southern course (of the sun) (the southern course)

• आवृत्तः (āvṛttaḥ) - returned, turned back

• महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, ground

• निविशते (niviśate) - he enters, he pervades, he settles upon

• रविः (raviḥ) - the Sun

Words meanings and morphology

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root gam with suffix -tvā.

Root: gam (class 1)

उत्तरायणम् (uttarāyaṇam) - the northern course (of the sun) (the northern course)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttarāyaṇa

uttarāyaṇa - northern course, the period when the sun moves northward

Tatpurusha compound: uttara (northern) + ayana (course).

Compound type : tatpurusha (uttara+ayana)

• uttara – northern, upper, later, higher
  adjective
• ayana – going, path, course, movement
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go) with suffix -ana.
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Accusative of destination.

तेजोरसान् (tejorasān) - vital essences of energy, essential fluids of light/heat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tejorasa

tejorasa - vital fluid or principle of light/energy

Tatpurusha compound: tejas (energy/light) + rasa (essence/fluid).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tejas+rasa)

• tejas – brilliance, light, energy, vigor
  noun (neuter)
  From root tij (to be sharp, keen).
  Root: tij
• rasa – essence, fluid, juice, taste, sentiment
  noun (masculine)
  From root ras (to taste, feel, love).
  Root: ras (class 1)

उद्धृत्य (uddhṛtya) - having drawn up, having raised, having extracted

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From prefixes ut- and root hṛ (to carry, seize), forming uddhṛ. Suffix -ya (after a prefix).

Prefix: ut

Root: hṛ (class 1)

रश्मिभिः (raśmibhiḥ) - by rays

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - ray, beam of light, rein, cord

दक्षिणायनम् (dakṣiṇāyanam) - the southern course (of the sun) (the southern course)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇāyana

dakṣiṇāyana - southern course, the period when the sun moves southward

Tatpurusha compound: dakṣiṇa (southern) + ayana (course).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dakṣiṇa+ayana)

• dakṣiṇa – southern, right, skillful
  adjective
• ayana – going, path, course, movement
  noun (neuter)
  From root i (to go) with suffix -ana.
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Accusative of destination.

आवृत्तः (āvṛttaḥ) - returned, turned back

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛtta

āvṛtta - returned, turned back, revolved

past passive participle

From prefix ā- and root vṛt (to turn, revolve) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Literally 'turned around', often translated actively as 'having returned'.

महीम् (mahīm) - the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Note: Object of niviśate.

निविशते (niviśate) - he enters, he pervades, he settles upon

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of niviś

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice. From prefix ni- and root viś (to enter).

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

रविः (raviḥ) - the Sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ravi

ravi - the Sun

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.