महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-3, verse-15

जनमेजय उवाच ।
कथं कुरूणामृषभः स तु राजा युधिष्ठिरः ।
विप्रार्थमाराधितवान्सूर्यमद्भुतविक्रमम् ॥१५॥

15. janamejaya uvāca ,
kathaṁ kurūṇāmṛṣabhaḥ sa tu rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
viprārthamārādhitavānsūryamadbhutavikramam.

15. janamejaya uvāca katham kurūṇām ṛṣabhaḥ sa tu rājā
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ viprārtham ārādhitavān sūryam adbhutavikramam

15. Janamejaya said, "How did that King Yudhishthira, the chief among the Kurus, worship the Sun god, who possesses astonishing power, for the sake of the brahmins?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya, the king who is asking the question (Janamejaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus (a royal dynasty) (of the Kurus)

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - chief, foremost (bull, chief, excellent one, best)

• स (sa) - that (referring to Yudhishthira) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava) (Yudhishthira)

• विप्रार्थम् (viprārtham) - for the sake of the brahmins (who were dependents of the Pandavas) (for the sake of brahmins)

• आराधितवान् (ārādhitavān) - worshipped (worshipped, propitiated)

• सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the Sun god (the Sun, the Sun god)

• अद्भुतविक्रमम् (adbhutavikramam) - who possesses astonishing power (describing Sūrya) (of wonderful valor/prowess)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya, the king who is asking the question (Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active, 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus (a royal dynasty) (of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants)

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - chief, foremost (bull, chief, excellent one, best)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - a bull, chief, best, excellent

स (sa) - that (referring to Yudhishthira) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (the eldest Pandava) (Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

विप्रार्थम् (viprārtham) - for the sake of the brahmins (who were dependents of the Pandavas) (for the sake of brahmins)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viprārtha

viprārtha - for the sake of brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipra+artha)

• vipra – brahmin, twice-born
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can be treated as an adverbial accusative.

आराधितवान् (ārādhitavān) - worshipped (worshipped, propitiated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārādhitavat

ārādhitavat - one who has worshipped

Past Active Participle (ktavatu)

Derived from root rādh (to propitiate, accomplish) with prefix ā- and suffix -tavat

Prefix: ā

Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: It functions as the main verb here, 'he worshipped'.

सूर्यम् (sūryam) - the Sun god (the Sun, the Sun god)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the Sun, the Sun god

अद्भुतविक्रमम् (adbhutavikramam) - who possesses astonishing power (describing Sūrya) (of wonderful valor/prowess)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adbhutavikrama

adbhutavikrama - of wonderful valor/prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adbhuta+vikrama)

• adbhuta – wonderful, astonishing, marvelous
  adjective (neuter)
• vikrama – valor, prowess, stride, power
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Sūryam.