महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-3, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शौनकेनैवमुक्तस्तु कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
पुरोहितमुपागम्य भ्रातृमध्येऽब्रवीदिदम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śaunakenaivamuktastu kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
purohitamupāgamya bhrātṛmadhye'bravīdidam.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca śaunaken eva uktaḥ tu kuntīputraḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ purohitam upāgamya bhrātṛmadhye abravīt idam

1. Vaishampayana said: Thus addressed by Shaunaka, Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, approached his family priest and spoke this amidst his brothers.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (a proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• शौनकेन् (śaunaken) - by Shaunaka

• एव (eva) - thus (just, only, indeed, thus)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - son of Kunti

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• पुरोहितम् (purohitam) - his family priest (the family priest, preceptor)

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached (having approached, having arrived at)

• भ्रातृमध्ये (bhrātṛmadhye) - amidst his brothers (amidst brothers, in the middle of brothers)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• इदम् (idam) - this (following statement) (this)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaishampayana (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa who narrated the Mahabharata

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard introductory phrase for narration.

शौनकेन् (śaunaken) - by Shaunaka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śaunaka

śaunaka - Name of a famous Vedic sage

Note: Agent of the passive participle uktaḥ.

एव (eva) - thus (just, only, indeed, thus)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or restrictive particle.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - son of Kunti

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound of Kunti (mother's name) and putra (son).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kunti (name of Pandu's wife and mother of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Yudhishthira.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Name of the eldest Pandava brother, meaning 'firm in battle'

From yudhi (in battle, locative of yudh) and sthira (firm).

Compound type : Aluk-Tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुरोहितम् (purohitam) - his family priest (the family priest, preceptor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - one placed in front, a family priest, a chaplain

From puras (in front) and hita (placed).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (puras+hita)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• hita – placed, set, appointed, beneficial
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place, set).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having approached (having approached, having arrived at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From upa-ā-√gam (to go near, to approach).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

भ्रातृमध्ये (bhrātṛmadhye) - amidst his brothers (amidst brothers, in the middle of brothers)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhrātṛmadhya

bhrātṛmadhya - the midst of brothers

Compound of bhrātṛ (brother) and madhya (middle).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhrātṛ+madhya)

• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center, midst
  noun/adjective (neuter)

Note: Indicates the setting for the speech.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active Indicative

Irregular imperfect form from root brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (following statement) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Note: Refers to the speech that follows.