महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-278, verse-9

स बालवत्सया सार्धं भार्यया प्रस्थितो वनम् ।
महारण्यगतश्चापि तपस्तेपे महाव्रतः ॥९॥

9. sa bālavatsayā sārdhaṁ bhāryayā prasthito vanam ,
mahāraṇyagataścāpi tapastepe mahāvrataḥ.

9. sa bālavatsayā sārdhaṃ bhāryayā prasthitaḥ vanam
mahāraṇyagataḥ ca api tapaḥ tepe mahāvrataḥ

9. He, along with his wife and their young child, departed for the forest. Having arrived in the great forest, that man of great vows performed severe austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - The king, Dyumatsena (he)

• बालवत्सया (bālavatsayā) - with his wife, who had a young son (with a young child/calf)

• सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - together with, along with

• भार्यया (bhāryayā) - by the wife, with the wife

• प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - set out, departed, gone forth

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• महारण्यगतः (mahāraṇyagataḥ) - having gone to a great forest

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• तेपे (tepe) - performed austerities, heated oneself

• महाव्रतः (mahāvrataḥ) - of great vows, having great vows

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - The king, Dyumatsena (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

बालवत्सया (bālavatsayā) - with his wife, who had a young son (with a young child/calf)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bālavatsā

bālavatsā - having a young calf or child, having a young one

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāla+vatsa)

• bāla – young, child, immature
  adjective (masculine)
• vatsa – calf, child, darling
  noun (masculine)

सार्धं (sārdhaṁ) - together with, along with

(indeclinable)

भार्यया (bhāryayā) - by the wife, with the wife

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

प्रस्थितः (prasthitaḥ) - set out, departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prasthita

prasthita - departed, gone forth, set out, started

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra- + root sthā + suffix kta (ta)

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

महारण्यगतः (mahāraṇyagataḥ) - having gone to a great forest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇyagata

mahāraṇyagata - one who has gone to a great forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+araṇya+gata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, often used as first member of compounds
• araṇya – forest, wilderness, desert
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived at, obtained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam + suffix kta
  Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

तेपे (tepe) - performed austerities, heated oneself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of tap

perfect middle

Reduplicated perfect form of root tap (ātmanepada)

Root: tap (class 1)

महाव्रतः (mahāvrataḥ) - of great vows, having great vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāvrata

mahāvrata - one of great vows, undertaking great vows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+vrata)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of mahat, often used as first member of compounds
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice, rule
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)