महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-274, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
ततः क्रुद्धो दशग्रीवः प्रिये पुत्रे निपातिते ।
निर्ययौ रथमास्थाय हेमरत्नविभूषितम् ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tataḥ kruddho daśagrīvaḥ priye putre nipātite ,
niryayau rathamāsthāya hemaratnavibhūṣitam.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ priye putre
nipātite niryayau ratham āsthāya hema-ratna-vibhūṣitam

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Then, Daśagrīva, enraged by the slaying of his dear son, came forth, mounting his chariot which was adorned with gold and jewels.

1. מָארְקַנְדֵיַה אמר, אז דַשַׁגְרִיוַה, זועם על שבנו האהוב הופל, יצא לדרך כשהוא עולה על מרכבה מעוטרת בזהב ובאבנים יקרות.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged, furious

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, lit. 'ten-necked')

• प्रिये (priye) - dear, beloved

• पुत्रे (putre) - son

• निपातिते (nipātite) - slain (slain, killed, struck down, fallen)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went forth, he came out

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

• हेम-रत्न-विभूषितम् (hema-ratna-vibhūṣitam) - adorned with gold and jewels

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (a celebrated ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh + suffix kta

Root: krudh (class 4)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, lit. 'ten-necked')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+grīva)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

प्रिये (priye) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

पुत्रे (putre) - son

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

निपातिते (nipātite) - slain (slain, killed, struck down, fallen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - slain, killed, thrown down, fallen

Past Passive Participle

From root pat with prefix ni + suffix kta

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went forth, he came out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of niryayau

perfect tense

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular of root i with prefix nis

Prefix: nis

Root: i (class 2)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root sthā with prefix ā + suffix ya

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

हेम-रत्न-विभूषितम् (hema-ratna-vibhūṣitam) - adorned with gold and jewels

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemaratnavibhūṣita

hemaratnavibhūṣita - adorned/decorated with gold and jewels

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hema+ratna+vibhūṣita)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• ratna – jewel, gem
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhūṣ with prefix vi + suffix kta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 1)

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