महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-274, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
ततः क्रुद्धो दशग्रीवः प्रिये पुत्रे निपातिते ।
निर्ययौ रथमास्थाय हेमरत्नविभूषितम् ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tataḥ kruddho daśagrīvaḥ priye putre nipātite ,
niryayau rathamāsthāya hemaratnavibhūṣitam.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tataḥ kruddhaḥ daśagrīvaḥ priye putre
nipātite niryayau ratham āsthāya hema-ratna-vibhūṣitam

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: Then, Daśagrīva, enraged by the slaying of his dear son, came forth, mounting his chariot which was adorned with gold and jewels.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged, furious

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, lit. 'ten-necked')

• प्रिये (priye) - dear, beloved

• पुत्रे (putre) - son

• निपातिते (nipātite) - slain (slain, killed, struck down, fallen)

• निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went forth, he came out

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

• हेम-रत्न-विभूषितम् (hema-ratna-vibhūṣitam) - adorned with gold and jewels

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (a celebrated ancient sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh + suffix kta

Root: krudh (class 4)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa, lit. 'ten-necked')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+grīva)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck
  noun (masculine)

प्रिये (priye) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

पुत्रे (putre) - son

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

निपातिते (nipātite) - slain (slain, killed, struck down, fallen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - slain, killed, thrown down, fallen

Past Passive Participle

From root pat with prefix ni + suffix kta

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

निर्ययौ (niryayau) - he went forth, he came out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of niryayau

perfect tense

Perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular of root i with prefix nis

Prefix: nis

Root: i (class 2)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted (having mounted, having ascended, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

From root sthā with prefix ā + suffix ya

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

हेम-रत्न-विभूषितम् (hema-ratna-vibhūṣitam) - adorned with gold and jewels

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemaratnavibhūṣita

hemaratnavibhūṣita - adorned/decorated with gold and jewels

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hema+ratna+vibhūṣita)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• ratna – jewel, gem
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhūṣ with prefix vi + suffix kta
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 1)