महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-225, verse-9

कथं नु सत्यः शुचिरार्यवृत्तो ज्येष्ठः सुतानां मम धर्मराजः ।
अजातशत्रुः पृथिवीतलस्थः शेते पुरा राङ्कवकूटशायी ॥९॥

9. kathaṁ nu satyaḥ śucirāryavṛtto; jyeṣṭhaḥ sutānāṁ mama dharmarājaḥ ,
ajātaśatruḥ pṛthivītalasthaḥ; śete purā rāṅkavakūṭaśāyī.

9. katham nu satyaḥ śuciḥ āryavṛttaḥ
jyeṣṭhaḥ sutānām mama
dharmarājaḥ ajātaśatruḥ pṛthivītalasthaḥ
śete purā rāṅkavakūṭaśāyī

9. How indeed can my eldest son, the king upholding justice (dharma-rāja), who is truthful, pure, noble-conducted, and without enemies (ajātaśatru), now lie on the bare ground, he who formerly used to sleep on a heap of swans' feathers?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how indeed (how, in what manner, why)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, certainly, yet (particle expressing inquiry, doubt, emphasis))

• सत्यः (satyaḥ) - truthful (referring to Yudhishthira) (truthful, true, real)

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure (referring to Yudhishthira) (pure, clean, honest)

• आर्यवृत्तः (āryavṛttaḥ) - of noble conduct (referring to Yudhishthira) (of noble conduct, well-behaved)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best)

• सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of my sons (of sons)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhishthira, who upholds natural law (dharma-rāja) (king of dharma (justice/righteousness), god of death (Yama))

• अजातशत्रुः (ajātaśatruḥ) - without enemies (referring to Yudhishthira) (one who has no enemies, an epithet of Yudhishthira)

• पृथिवीतलस्थः (pṛthivītalasthaḥ) - lying on the bare ground (situated on the surface of the earth)

• शेते (śete) - he lies down (on the bare earth) (he lies, sleeps)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, in ancient times, before)

• राङ्कवकूटशायी (rāṅkavakūṭaśāyī) - one who used to sleep on a heap of swans' feathers (one who sleeps on a heap of swan feathers)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how indeed (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, now, certainly, yet (particle expressing inquiry, doubt, emphasis))

(indeclinable)

सत्यः (satyaḥ) - truthful (referring to Yudhishthira) (truthful, true, real)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satya

satya - truthful, true, real

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure (referring to Yudhishthira) (pure, clean, honest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, honest

आर्यवृत्तः (āryavṛttaḥ) - of noble conduct (referring to Yudhishthira) (of noble conduct, well-behaved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āryavṛtta

āryavṛtta - of noble conduct, well-behaved

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ārya+vṛtta)

• ārya – noble, respectable, Aryan
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurrence, past participle of vṛt 'to be'
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to be, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - eldest (son) (eldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, chief, best

सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of my sons (of sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

from root su (to beget)

Root: su (class 2)

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - King Yudhishthira, who upholds natural law (dharma-rāja) (king of dharma (justice/righteousness), god of death (Yama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of justice/righteousness; epithet of Yama and Yudhishthira

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

अजातशत्रुः (ajātaśatruḥ) - without enemies (referring to Yudhishthira) (one who has no enemies, an epithet of Yudhishthira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajātaśatru

ajātaśatru - one who has no enemies, an epithet of Yudhishthira

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+jāta+śatru)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jāta – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)

Note: An epithet of Yudhishthira

पृथिवीतलस्थः (pṛthivītalasthaḥ) - lying on the bare ground (situated on the surface of the earth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛthivītalastha

pṛthivītalastha - situated on the surface of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (pṛthivītala+stha)

• pṛthivītala – surface of the earth
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira

शेते (śete) - he lies down (on the bare earth) (he lies, sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, in ancient times, before)

(indeclinable)

राङ्कवकूटशायी (rāṅkavakūṭaśāyī) - one who used to sleep on a heap of swans' feathers (one who sleeps on a heap of swan feathers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāṅkavakūṭaśāyin

rāṅkavakūṭaśāyin - one who sleeps on a heap of swan feathers

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rāṅkava+kūṭa+śāyin)

• rāṅkava – of or belonging to a swan
  adjective (masculine)
• kūṭa – heap, pile, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• śāyin – lying, sleeping
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Kṛt suffix
  From root śī (to lie down), with ṇini (in) suffix
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira