महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-225, verse-22

शुभाशुभं पुरुषः कर्म कृत्वा प्रतीक्षते तस्य फलं स्म कर्ता ।
स तेन युज्यत्यवशः फलेन मोक्षः कथं स्यात्पुरुषस्य तस्मात् ॥२२॥

22. śubhāśubhaṁ puruṣaḥ karma kṛtvā; pratīkṣate tasya phalaṁ sma kartā ,
sa tena yujyatyavaśaḥ phalena; mokṣaḥ kathaṁ syātpuruṣasya tasmāt.

22. śubhāśubham puruṣaḥ karma kṛtvā
pratīkṣate tasya phalam sma kartā
saḥ tena yujyati avaśaḥ phalena
mokṣaḥ katham syāt puruṣasya tasmāt

22. Having performed good and bad actions (karma), a person (puruṣa), being the doer, awaits their results. He is helplessly bound by those results. Therefore, how can there be liberation (mokṣa) for such a person (puruṣa)?

Words meanings summery:

• शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - Referring to actions (karma) that can yield both positive and negative results. (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - Refers to the embodied soul or individual conscious entity (puruṣa) in the context of action (karma) and its consequences. (a person, individual)

• कर्म (karma) - The volitional acts performed by an individual, which entail consequences. (action, deed, work)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - he awaits, he expects

• तस्य (tasya) - Referring to the result (phalam) of the action (karma). (its, his)

• फलम् (phalam) - The outcome or effect of one's actions (karma). (fruit, result, consequence)

• स्म (sma) - Emphasizes the inevitability or constant nature of the awaiting of results. ((particle indicating past tense or emphasis))

• कर्ता (kartā) - The individual (puruṣa) who performs actions (karma). (doer, agent)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the person (puruṣa) mentioned earlier. (he)

• तेन (tena) - By those results (phalena). (by that)

• युज्यति (yujyati) - He is bound to the results of his actions. (is joined, is yoked, is bound)

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - Describes the person (puruṣa) as being unable to escape the consequences of his actions. (helpless, powerless, not free)

• फलेन (phalena) - By the consequences of actions (karma). (by the fruit, by the result)

• मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - Final liberation (mokṣa) from the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra), which is difficult to achieve when bound by action (karma) and its results. (liberation, release)

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• स्यात् (syāt) - Expresses a rhetorical question regarding the possibility of liberation (mokṣa). (may it be, should it be)

• पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - Refers to the person (puruṣa) who is bound by action (karma). (of the person, of the individual)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concluding based on the preceding statement about being bound by action (karma). (therefore, from that)

Words meanings and morphology

शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - Referring to actions (karma) that can yield both positive and negative results. (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Dvanda compound of śubha (good) and aśubha (bad).

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
• aśubha – inauspicious, bad, evil
  adjective (neuter)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - Refers to the embodied soul or individual conscious entity (puruṣa) in the context of action (karma) and its consequences. (a person, individual)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

कर्म (karma) - The volitional acts performed by an individual, which entail consequences. (action, deed, work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रतीक्षते (pratīkṣate) - he awaits, he expects

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pratīkṣ

Prefix: prati

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - Referring to the result (phalam) of the action (karma). (its, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

फलम् (phalam) - The outcome or effect of one's actions (karma). (fruit, result, consequence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, advantage

स्म (sma) - Emphasizes the inevitability or constant nature of the awaiting of results. ((particle indicating past tense or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

कर्ता (kartā) - The individual (puruṣa) who performs actions (karma). (doer, agent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator

agent noun

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the person (puruṣa) mentioned earlier. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - By those results (phalena). (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

युज्यति (yujyati) - He is bound to the results of his actions. (is joined, is yoked, is bound)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - Describes the person (puruṣa) as being unable to escape the consequences of his actions. (helpless, powerless, not free)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - powerless, helpless, dependent, not free

Compound of a (not) + vaśa (will, control).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vaśa – will, control, power, subjugation
  noun (masculine)

फलेन (phalena) - By the consequences of actions (karma). (by the fruit, by the result)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, advantage

मोक्षः (mokṣaḥ) - Final liberation (mokṣa) from the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra), which is difficult to achieve when bound by action (karma) and its results. (liberation, release)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, release, freedom, salvation (mokṣa)

Derived from root muc (to release)

Root: muc (class 6)

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - Expresses a rhetorical question regarding the possibility of liberation (mokṣa). (may it be, should it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

पुरुषस्य (puruṣasya) - Refers to the person (puruṣa) who is bound by action (karma). (of the person, of the individual)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concluding based on the preceding statement about being bound by action (karma). (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of tad, used adverbially.