महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-225, verse-5

अथोपविष्टः प्रतिसत्कृतश्च वृद्धेन राज्ञा कुरुसत्तमेन ।
प्रचोदितः सन्कथयां बभूव धर्मानिलेन्द्रप्रभवान्यमौ च ॥५॥

5. athopaviṣṭaḥ pratisatkṛtaśca; vṛddhena rājñā kurusattamena ,
pracoditaḥ sankathayāṁ babhūva; dharmānilendraprabhavānyamau ca.

5. atha upaviṣṭaḥ pratisatkṛtaḥ ca
vṛddhena rājñā kurusattamena
pracoditaḥ san kathayām babhūva
dharmanilendraprabhavān yamau ca

5. Then, having sat down and been properly honored by the elderly king, the best among the Kurus, and being urged, he began to narrate about the sons born of Dharma, Vayu, Indra, and the two Ashvins (the twins).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated, having sat down

• प्रतिसत्कृतः (pratisatkṛtaḥ) - honored, treated hospitably

• च (ca) - and, also

• वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by the old, by the elderly

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

• कुरुसत्तमेन (kurusattamena) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was considered the best among the Kuru dynasty (by the best among the Kurus)

• प्रचोदितः (pracoditaḥ) - urged, impelled, instigated

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• कथयाम् (kathayām) - Used idiomatically with 'babhūva' to mean "began to narrate". (a narration, a story (as if accusative))

• बभूव (babhūva) - With 'kathayām', it implies "began to narrate". (became, happened, originated)

• धर्मनिलेन्द्रप्रभवान् (dharmanilendraprabhavān) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, and Arjuna. (those originating from Dharma, Vayu, and Indra)

• यमौ (yamau) - Referring to Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin Ashvinas. (the two twins, the two controllers)

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टः (upaviṣṭaḥ) - seated, having sat down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, having sat down, settled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'viś' (to enter, sit) with prefix 'upa-' (near, under)

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

प्रतिसत्कृतः (pratisatkṛtaḥ) - honored, treated hospitably

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratisatkṛta

pratisatkṛta - honored, respected, treated hospitably

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make) with compound prefix 'pratisat-' (for respect)

Prefixes: prati+sat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वृद्धेन (vṛddhena) - by the old, by the elderly

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, venerable, grown

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛdh' (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

कुरुसत्तमेन (kurusattamena) - by Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who was considered the best among the Kuru dynasty (by the best among the Kurus)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kurusattama

kurusattama - best among the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+sattama)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good)

प्रचोदितः (pracoditaḥ) - urged, impelled, instigated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pracodita

pracodita - urged, impelled, instigated, prompted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'cud' (to urge, impel) with prefix 'pra-' (forward)

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 6)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'as' (to be), nominative singular masculine form 'san'

Root: as (class 2)

कथयाम् (kathayām) - Used idiomatically with 'babhūva' to mean "began to narrate". (a narration, a story (as if accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narration, discourse

Note: The form `kathayām` is sometimes seen as an archaic accusative or an adverbial locative, functioning like `kathām`.

बभूव (babhūva) - With 'kathayām', it implies "began to narrate". (became, happened, originated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

धर्मनिलेन्द्रप्रभवान् (dharmanilendraprabhavān) - Referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, and Arjuna. (those originating from Dharma, Vayu, and Indra)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharmanilendraprabhava

dharmanilendraprabhava - originating from Dharma, Vayu, and Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+anila+indra+prabhava)

• dharma – Dharma (the deity, father of Yudhiṣṭhira)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anila – Vayu (the deity, father of Bhīma), wind
  proper noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (the deity, father of Arjuna), chief
  proper noun (masculine)
• prabhava – origin, source, birth
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to the first three Pandavas.

यमौ (yamau) - Referring to Nakula and Sahadeva, the twin Ashvinas. (the two twins, the two controllers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of yama

yama - twin, controller, restraint, Yama (deity)

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Nakula and Sahadeva.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)