महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-225, verse-31

निशम्य तद्वचनं पार्थिवस्य दुर्योधनो रहिते सौबलश्च ।
अबोधयत्कर्णमुपेत्य सर्वं स चाप्यहृष्टोऽभवदल्पचेताः ॥३१॥

31. niśamya tadvacanaṁ pārthivasya; duryodhano rahite saubalaśca ,
abodhayatkarṇamupetya sarvaṁ; sa cāpyahṛṣṭo'bhavadalpacetāḥ.

31. niśamya tat vacanam pārthivasya
duryodhanaḥ rahite saubalaḥ ca
abodhayat karṇam upetya sarvam saḥ
ca api ahṛṣṭaḥ abhavat alpacetāḥ

31. Having heard those words of the king, Duryodhana and Saubala (Śakuni) privately approached Karṇa and informed him of everything. And Karṇa, too, became joyless and disheartened.

Words meanings summery:

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened

• तत् (tat) - that

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, words, statement

• पार्थिवस्य (pārthivasya) - Of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (of the king, of the earthly ruler)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a Kaurava prince)

• रहिते (rahite) - in a private conversation/setting. (in a secluded place, in private, without)

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, Duryodhana's maternal uncle. (son of Subala (Śakuni))

• च (ca) - and

• अबोधयत् (abodhayat) - informed, caused to know

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (a great warrior, half-brother of the Pāṇḍavas)

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• सः (saḥ) - Karṇa. (he)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अहृष्टः (ahṛṣṭaḥ) - joyless, displeased, unhappy

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• अल्पचेताः (alpacetāḥ) - disheartened, narrow-minded, with little spirit/mind

Words meanings and morphology

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having listened

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

from root śam (to calm, perceive) with prefix ni (down, in) + lyap suffix. Used in the sense of 'to hear'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to vacanam.

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, words, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, words, statement

from root vac (to speak) + ana suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of niśamya.

पार्थिवस्य (pārthivasya) - Of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (of the king, of the earthly ruler)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - royal, king, earthly

from pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied context.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (a Kaurava prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana, difficult to fight

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
  prefix
• yodhana – fighting, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of abodhayat.

रहिते (rahite) - in a private conversation/setting. (in a secluded place, in private, without)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of rahita

rahita - secluded, private, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

from root rah (to abandon) + kta

Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Functions adverbially.

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Śakuni, Duryodhana's maternal uncle. (son of Subala (Śakuni))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala, Śakuni

patronymic from Subala

Note: Subject of abodhayat, along with Duryodhana.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Duryodhana and Saubala.

अबोधयत् (abodhayat) - informed, caused to know

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of budh

Imperfect Mood, 3rd Person, Singular, Causative

from root budh (to know) with causative suffix -ayi

Root: budh (class 1)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (a great warrior, half-brother of the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa, ear

Root: kṛ

Note: Object of abodhayat.

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

from root i (to go) with prefix upa (near, towards) + lyap suffix

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Object of abodhayat.

सः (saḥ) - Karṇa. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अहृष्टः (ahṛṣṭaḥ) - joyless, displeased, unhappy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahṛṣṭa

ahṛṣṭa - joyless, displeased, unhappy

Past Passive Participle (negative)

negative prefix a- + hṛṣṭa (P.P.P. of root hṛṣ 'to rejoice')

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hṛṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• hṛṣṭa – rejoiced, glad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root hṛṣ (to rejoice)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicative adjective for Karṇa.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Mood, 3rd Person, Singular

from root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अल्पचेताः (alpacetāḥ) - disheartened, narrow-minded, with little spirit/mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpacetas

alpacetas - disheartened, narrow-minded, with little spirit/mind

Compound type : bahuvrihi (alpa+cetas)

• alpa – small, little
  adjective (neuter)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  from root cit (to perceive, think)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for Karṇa.