महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-206, verse-9

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
एवमेतानि पुरुषा दुःखानि च सुखानि च ।
प्राप्नुवन्ति महाबुद्धे नोत्कण्ठां कर्तुमर्हसि ।
दुष्करं हि कृतं तात जानता जातिमात्मनः ॥९॥

9. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
evametāni puruṣā duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca ,
prāpnuvanti mahābuddhe notkaṇṭhāṁ kartumarhasi ,
duṣkaraṁ hi kṛtaṁ tāta jānatā jātimātmanaḥ.

9. evam etāni puruṣā duḥkhāni ca
sukhāni ca prāpnuvanti mahābuddhe na
utkaṇṭhām kartum arhasi duṣkaram
hi kṛtam tāta jānatā jātim ātmanaḥ

9. The brahmin said: O greatly intelligent one, people (puruṣā) experience both sorrows and joys in this manner. You should not feel regret. For, O dear one, you have indeed performed a difficult deed, knowing the intrinsic nature (ātman) of your being.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner)

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• पुरुषा (puruṣā) - people (puruṣā) (men, persons, human beings)

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows (sorrows, sufferings)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सुखानि (sukhāni) - joys (joys, pleasures)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they experience (they obtain, they experience, they reach)

• महाबुद्धे (mahābuddhe) - O greatly intelligent one

• न (na) - not

• उत्कण्ठाम् (utkaṇṭhām) - regret (longing, regret, yearning)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to feel (regret) (to do, to make)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (not) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult deed (difficult to do, hard)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - deed (done) (done, made, performed)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (O dear one, O father)

• जानता (jānatā) - by you, knowing (by one knowing, by the knower)

• जातिम् (jātim) - the intrinsic nature (of your being) (birth, nature, condition)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of your being (ātman) (of the self, of one's own)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to 'sorrows and joys'.

पुरुषा (puruṣā) - people (puruṣā) (men, persons, human beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, the Cosmic Person (puruṣa)

Root: pṝ (class 3)

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows (sorrows, sufferings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सुखानि (sukhāni) - joys (joys, pleasures)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, pleasure, ease

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they experience (they obtain, they experience, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present tense, 3rd person plural

Root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra. Nu-class (5th conjugation) verb.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

महाबुद्धे (mahābuddhe) - O greatly intelligent one

(compound)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+buddhi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Addressing the listener who possesses great intellect.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उत्कण्ठाम् (utkaṇṭhām) - regret (longing, regret, yearning)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of utkaṇṭhā

utkaṇṭhā - longing, yearning, regret, sorrow, eagerness

Note: Object of the infinitive 'kartum'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to feel (regret) (to do, to make)

(verb)

active, infinitive (kṛt) of kṛ

Infinitive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix tumun (tum)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Governed by 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (not) (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, 2nd person singular

Root arh (to be worthy) with parasmaipada ending for 2nd singular.

Root: arh (class 1)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult deed (difficult to do, hard)

(compound)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• kara – making, doing, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/suffix from verb kṛ
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative, agreeing with 'kṛtam'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - deed (done) (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, deed, act

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix kta (ta)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (O dear one, O father)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear one, child (affectionate address)

Note: Term of endearment.

जानता (jānatā) - by you, knowing (by one knowing, by the knower)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, understanding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jñā (to know) with suffix śatṛ

Root: jñā (class 9)

जातिम् (jātim) - the intrinsic nature (of your being) (birth, nature, condition)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, origin, species, class, nature, intrinsic state

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'jānatā'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of your being (ātman) (of the self, of one's own)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, the Supreme Spirit (ātman)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive of 'jātim'.