महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-206, verse-30

स तु गत्वा द्विजः सर्वां शुश्रूषां कृतवांस्तदा ।
मातापितृभ्यां वृद्धाभ्यां यथान्यायं सुसंशितः ॥३०॥

30. sa tu gatvā dvijaḥ sarvāṁ śuśrūṣāṁ kṛtavāṁstadā ,
mātāpitṛbhyāṁ vṛddhābhyāṁ yathānyāyaṁ susaṁśitaḥ.

30. saḥ tu gatvā dvijaḥ sarvām śuśrūṣām kṛtavān tadā
mātāpitṛbhyām vṛddhābhyām yathānyāyam susaṃśitaḥ

30. But that twice-born (dvija), having gone (home), then performed all due service to his aged mother and father appropriately, being very disciplined (susaṃśita).

30. והבְּרַהְמִין הלך, ומאז שירת את אמו ואביו הזקנים בכל סוגי השירות, כפי שמתחייב ובמסירות גדולה.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, however

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (Brahmin)

• सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, entire

• शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service, desire to serve, obedience

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did, he performed (past action)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - for/to his mother and father

• वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhābhyām) - for/to the aged, old (dual)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, appropriately, rightly

• सुसंशितः (susaṁśitaḥ) - very disciplined, well-restrained, highly refined

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - the twice-born (Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Derived from dvi (twice) and jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

सर्वाम् (sarvām) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with śuśrūṣām (feminine noun).

शुश्रूषाम् (śuśrūṣām) - service, desire to serve, obedience

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuśrūṣā

śuśrūṣā - service, desire to hear, obedience, reverence

Derived from root śru (to hear) with desiderative prefix and -ā suffix.

Root: śru (class 5)

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did, he performed (past action)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - one who has done/made/performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do/make) with suffix -tavat.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in Epic Sanskrit.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

मातापितृभ्याम् (mātāpitṛbhyām) - for/to his mother and father

(noun)

Dative, dual, dual of mātāpitṛ

mātāpitṛ - mother and father (parents)

Compound type : dvandva (mātṛ+pitṛ)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can be instrumental, dative, or ablative dual. Dative is implied by context of service.

वृद्धाभ्याम् (vṛddhābhyām) - for/to the aged, old (dual)

(adjective)

Dative, dual, dual of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with suffix -ta.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mātāpitṛbhyām.

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - according to justice, appropriately, rightly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, according to, just as
  indeclinable
• nyāya – rule, method, justice, logic, propriety
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from ni-i (to go, enter) with prefix ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: i (class 2)

सुसंशितः (susaṁśitaḥ) - very disciplined, well-restrained, highly refined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃśita

susaṁśita - well-sharpened, well-disciplined, highly trained

Compound type : pra-tatpuruṣa (su+saṃśita)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix indicating excellence or completeness.
• saṃśita – sharpened, disciplined, restrained, determined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root śi (to sharpen, discipline) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 7)

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