महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-206, verse-12

यस्तु शूद्रो दमे सत्ये धर्मे च सततोत्थितः ।
तं ब्राह्मणमहं मन्ये वृत्तेन हि भवेद्द्विजः ॥१२॥

12. yastu śūdro dame satye dharme ca satatotthitaḥ ,
taṁ brāhmaṇamahaṁ manye vṛttena hi bhaveddvijaḥ.

12. yaḥ tu śūdraḥ dame satye dharme ca satatotthitaḥ
tam brāhmaṇam aham manye vṛttena hi bhavet dvijaḥ

12. But the Shudra who is constantly engaged in self-control, truth, and (natural) law (dharma)—him I consider a Brahmin. For truly, one becomes a twice-born (dvija) by one's conduct.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Shudra

• दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

• सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma), in righteousness, in duty

• च (ca) - and, also

• सततोत्थितः (satatotthitaḥ) - constantly engaged, ever active, ever rising

• तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

• अहम् (aham) - I

• मन्ये (manye) - I consider, I think, I believe

• वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by character, by behavior

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be, may be, becomes

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born, a Brahmin

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ya

ya - who, which

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a Shudra

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a Shudra, a member of the lowest social class

दमे (dame) - in self-control, in restraint

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

Root: dam (class 4)

सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, sincerity

Root: as (class 2)

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma), in righteousness, in duty

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सततोत्थितः (satatotthitaḥ) - constantly engaged, ever active, ever rising

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satatotthita

satatotthita - constantly engaged, ever active, ever rising

Compound type : tatpurusha (satata+utthita)

• satata – constant, perpetual, always
  adjective (masculine)
• utthita – risen, stood up, engaged, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ut-sthā
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

तम् (tam) - him, that (one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ'.

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

Note: Object of 'manye'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'manye'.

मन्ये (manye) - I consider, I think, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The middle voice suggests 'I consider for myself'.

वृत्तेन (vṛttena) - by conduct, by character, by behavior

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, character, occurrence, event

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

Derived from root vṛt (to turn, to be, to exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means by which one becomes a dvija.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle or causal conjunction.

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, would be, may be, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born, a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (dvija), a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  agentive suffix with root jan
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'bhavet'.