महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-156, verse-12

स्वे स्वे किल कुले जाते पुत्रे नप्तरि वा पुनः ।
पितरः पितृलोकस्थाः शोचन्ति च हसन्ति च ॥१२॥

12. sve sve kila kule jāte putre naptari vā punaḥ ,
pitaraḥ pitṛlokasthāḥ śocanti ca hasanti ca.

12. sve sve kila kule jāte putre naptari vā punaḥ
pitaraḥ pitṛlokasthāḥ śocanti ca hasanti ca

12. Indeed, when a son or grandson is born in their respective families, the ancestors, residing in the ancestral world (pitṛloka), both grieve and rejoice.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वे (sve) - in their own

• स्वे (sve) - in their own

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, surely, perhaps

• कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage

• जाते (jāte) - when born, upon birth

• पुत्रे (putre) - in a son, when a son

• नप्तरि (naptari) - in a grandson, when a grandson

• वा (vā) - or

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers, ancestors

• पितृलोकस्थाः (pitṛlokasthāḥ) - residing in the ancestral world

• शोचन्ति (śocanti) - they grieve, they lament

• च (ca) - and, also

• हसन्ति (hasanti) - they rejoice (they laugh, they rejoice)

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

स्वे (sve) - in their own

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own

स्वे (sve) - in their own

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly, surely, perhaps

(indeclinable)

कुले (kule) - in the family, in the lineage

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, house

जाते (jāte) - when born, upon birth

(past passive participle)

Note: Locative singular masculine, agreeing with 'putre' or 'naptari' in a locative absolute construction.

पुत्रे (putre) - in a son, when a son

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

नप्तरि (naptari) - in a grandson, when a grandson

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant

An 'ṛ'-stem noun.

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers, ancestors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

An 'ṛ'-stem noun.

Note: Subject of 'śocanti' and 'hasanti'.

पितृलोकस्थाः (pitṛlokasthāḥ) - residing in the ancestral world

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛlokastha

pitṛlokastha - standing/residing in the ancestral world (pitṛloka)

A Tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'dwelling in the pitṛloka'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛloka+stha)

• pitṛloka – ancestral world, world of the fathers (pitṛloka)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of pitṛ (father/ancestor) and loka (world).
• stha – standing, situated, residing, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix -a (agent noun/adjective)
  From root sthā- (to stand) with suffix -a, forming an adjective.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

शोचन्ति (śocanti) - they grieve, they lament

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śuc

Present Active

Root 'śuc' (class 1).

Root: śuc (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

हसन्ति (hasanti) - they rejoice (they laugh, they rejoice)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of has

Present Active

Root 'has' (class 1).

Root: has (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)