महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-99, verse-31

तस्मात्तडागे वृक्षा वै रोप्याः श्रेयोर्थिना सदा ।
पुत्रवत्परिपाल्याश्च पुत्रास्ते धर्मतः स्मृताः ॥३१॥

31. tasmāttaḍāge vṛkṣā vai ropyāḥ śreyorthinā sadā ,
putravatparipālyāśca putrāste dharmataḥ smṛtāḥ.

31. tasmāt taḍāge vṛkṣāḥ vai ropyāḥ śreyas-arthinā sadā
putravat paripālyāḥ ca putrāḥ te dharmataḥ smṛtāḥ

31. śreyas-arthinā tasmāt sadā taḍāge vṛkṣāḥ vai ropyāḥ
ca putravat paripālyāḥ te dharmataḥ putrāḥ smṛtāḥ

31. Therefore, trees should always be planted near a pond by one who desires well-being, and they should be cared for like sons, for they are considered to be sons according to natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• तडागे (taḍāge) - in the pond, in the tank, in the reservoir

• वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• रोप्याः (ropyāḥ) - should be planted, fit to be planted

• श्रेयस्-अर्थिना (śreyas-arthinā) - by one desiring welfare, by one seeking good fortune

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son, as sons

• परिपाल्याः (paripālyāḥ) - should be protected, should be cherished, fit to be maintained

• च (ca) - and

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

• ते (te) - they (referring to the trees)

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma), by virtue of intrinsic nature

• स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered, are remembered, are held

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Avyaya formed from tad (ablative form used as an indeclinable).

तडागे (taḍāge) - in the pond, in the tank, in the reservoir

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of taḍāga

taḍāga - pond, tank, lake, reservoir

वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

रोप्याः (ropyāḥ) - should be planted, fit to be planted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ropya

ropya - to be planted, fit for planting

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Derived from root √ruh (to grow) with causative suffix -p and gerundive suffix -ya.

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Agreement with vṛkṣāḥ.

श्रेयस्-अर्थिना (śreyas-arthinā) - by one desiring welfare, by one seeking good fortune

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śreyas-arthin

śreyas-arthin - one who desires welfare/good

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śreyas+arthin)

• śreyas – welfare, good, excellence, bliss
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from artha (purpose, object) + -in.

Note: Acts as the agent for the passive gerundive ropyāḥ and paripālyāḥ.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son, as sons

(indeclinable)

Formed from putra (son) + -vat (like, similar to).

Note: Adverbial use.

परिपाल्याः (paripālyāḥ) - should be protected, should be cherished, fit to be maintained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paripālya

paripālya - to be protected, to be cherished, to be maintained

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Derived from root √pāl (to protect) with prefix pari- and gerundive suffix -ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Agreement with vṛkṣāḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons, children

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Acts as the predicate nominative.

ते (te) - they (referring to the trees)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to vṛkṣāḥ.

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to natural law (dharma), by virtue of intrinsic nature

(indeclinable)

Formed from dharma + -tas (from, by means of, according to).

Root: dhṛ

Note: Adverbial.

स्मृताः (smṛtāḥ) - are considered, are remembered, are held

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, understood as

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √smṛ (to remember).

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Agreement with putrāḥ and te.