महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-99, verse-16

स कुलं तारयेत्सर्वं यस्य खाते जलाशये ।
गावः पिबन्ति पानीयं साधवश्च नराः सदा ॥१६॥

16. sa kulaṁ tārayetsarvaṁ yasya khāte jalāśaye ,
gāvaḥ pibanti pānīyaṁ sādhavaśca narāḥ sadā.

16. sa kulam tārayet sarvam yasya khāte jalāśaye
gāvaḥ pibanti pānīyam sādhavaḥ ca narāḥ sadā

16. saḥ tārayet sarvam kulam yasya khāte jalāśaye
gāvaḥ ca sādhavaḥ ca narāḥ sadā pānīyam pibanti

16. He saves his entire family (kula), in whose excavated reservoir cows, righteous people (sādhavaḥ), and humans always drink water.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that (masculine nominative singular)

• कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race, clan

• तारयेत् (tārayet) - may he cause to cross, may he save, may he deliver

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, for whom

• खाते (khāte) - in the excavated reservoir/pond (in the excavated place, in the ditch/pond)

• जलाशये (jalāśaye) - in the reservoir, in the body of water

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle

• पिबन्ति (pibanti) - they drink

• पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water, drinkable (thing)

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good people, righteous ones, virtuous ones, holy men

• च (ca) - and

• नराः (narāḥ) - men, humans

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person who has the pond.

कुलम् (kulam) - family, lineage, race, clan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, house

Note: Object of 'tārayet'.

तारयेत् (tārayet) - may he cause to cross, may he save, may he deliver

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tṛ

Causative verb form

Causative of root tṛ (to cross), formed with -aya- suffix.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'kulam'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of which, for whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what, whatever

Note: Refers to the owner of the pond.

खाते (khāte) - in the excavated reservoir/pond (in the excavated place, in the ditch/pond)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of khāta

khāta - excavated, dug; a ditch, a pit, a pond (noun)

Past Passive Participle

From root khan 'to dig' + kta suffix.

Root: khan (class 1)

Note: Refers to the man-made pond.

जलाशये (jalāśaye) - in the reservoir, in the body of water

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jalāśaya

jalāśaya - reservoir, tank, pond, lake, any receptacle for water

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+āśaya)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āśaya – receptacle, abode, container, intention
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows, cattle

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Subject of 'pibanti'.

पिबन्ति (pibanti) - they drink

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Root: pā (class 1)

पानीयम् (pānīyam) - water, drinkable (thing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pānīya

pānīya - drinkable; water (as a noun)

Gerundive

Root pā 'to drink' + anīya suffix.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pibanti'.

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - good people, righteous ones, virtuous ones, holy men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage

Note: Co-subject with 'gāvaḥ' and 'narāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नराः (narāḥ) - men, humans

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Note: Co-subject with 'gāvaḥ' and 'sādhavaḥ'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.