महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-75, verse-30

इति नृप सततं गवां प्रदाने यवशकलान्सह गोमयैः पिबानः ।
क्षितितलशयनः शिखी यतात्मा वृष इव राजवृषस्तदा बभूव ॥३०॥

30. iti nṛpa satataṁ gavāṁ pradāne; yavaśakalānsaha gomayaiḥ pibānaḥ ,
kṣititalaśayanaḥ śikhī yatātmā; vṛṣa iva rājavṛṣastadā babhūva.

30. iti nṛpa satatam gavām pradāne
yavaśakalān saha gomayaiḥ pibānaḥ
kṣititalaśayanaḥ śikhī yatātmā
vṛṣa iva rājavṛṣaḥ tadā babhūva

30. O king, thus, constantly engaged in the giving (dāna) of cows, and drinking a mixture of barley fragments and cow dung, sleeping on the bare ground, maintaining a topknot, and having a controlled self (ātman), that foremost among kings (rājavṛṣa) then became like a bull.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks conclusion or quotation)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• प्रदाने (pradāne) - in the giving (dāna) (in the giving, in donation)

• यवशकलान् (yavaśakalān) - barley pieces/fragments

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• गोमयैः (gomayaiḥ) - with cow dung

• पिबानः (pibānaḥ) - drinking

• क्षितितलशयनः (kṣititalaśayanaḥ) - sleeping on the bare ground

• शिखी (śikhī) - having a topknot, crested

• यतात्मा (yatātmā) - having a controlled self (ātman) (having a controlled self/mind)

• वृष (vṛṣa) - bull, male, chief

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• राजवृषः (rājavṛṣaḥ) - foremost among kings (rājavṛṣa) (chief among kings, bull of kings)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks conclusion or quotation)

(indeclinable)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Derived from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)

Note: The speaker (Vaiśaṃpāyana) addressing Janamejaya.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Derived from sa (with) + tata (spread)

Note: Adverbially modifies pradāne.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Qualifies pradāne.

प्रदाने (pradāne) - in the giving (dāna) (in the giving, in donation)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, bestowing, donation

Derived from root dā (to give) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Indicates the context of action.

यवशकलान् (yavaśakalān) - barley pieces/fragments

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yavaśakala

yavaśakala - barley fragment, piece of barley

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yava+śakala)

• yava – barley
  noun (masculine)
• śakala – fragment, piece, chip
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of pibānaḥ.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs gomayaiḥ (instrumental).

गोमयैः (gomayaiḥ) - with cow dung

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gomaya

gomaya - cow dung

Derived from go (cow) + mayaṭ (made of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+maya)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• maya – made of, consisting of (suffix)
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used with saha.

पिबानः (pibānaḥ) - drinking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pibāna

pibāna - drinking

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root pā (to drink)

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rājavṛṣaḥ.

क्षितितलशयनः (kṣititalaśayanaḥ) - sleeping on the bare ground

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣititalaśayana

kṣititalaśayana - one who sleeps on the bare ground

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣititala+śayana)

• kṣititala – surface of the earth, bare ground
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of kṣiti (earth) and tala (surface)
• śayana – sleeping, bed
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root śī (to sleep)
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Qualifies rājavṛṣaḥ.

शिखी (śikhī) - having a topknot, crested

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śikhin

śikhin - having a topknot, crested, peacock, ascetic

Derived from śikhā (topknot, crest) + inī (possessive suffix)

Note: Qualifies rājavṛṣaḥ.

यतात्मा (yatātmā) - having a controlled self (ātman) (having a controlled self/mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatātman

yatātman - having a controlled self/mind, self-controlled

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+ātman)

• yata – controlled, restrained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to control, restrain)
  Root: yam (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rājavṛṣaḥ.

वृष (vṛṣa) - bull, male, chief

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, male, chief, best

Note: Used in comparison 'like a bull'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

राजवृषः (rājavṛṣaḥ) - foremost among kings (rājavṛṣa) (chief among kings, bull of kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājavṛṣa

rājavṛṣa - chief among kings, bull of kings, excellent king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vṛṣa)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣa – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of babhūva

Perfect form of root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)