महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-75, verse-22

न चाशिष्यायाव्रतायोपकुर्यान्नाश्रद्दधानाय न वक्रबुद्धये ।
गुह्यो ह्ययं सर्वलोकस्य धर्मो नेमं धर्मं यत्र तत्र प्रजल्पेत् ॥२२॥

22. na cāśiṣyāyāvratāyopakuryā;nnāśraddadhānāya na vakrabuddhaye ,
guhyo hyayaṁ sarvalokasya dharmo; nemaṁ dharmaṁ yatra tatra prajalpet.

22. na ca aśiṣyāya avratāya upakuryāt na
aśraddadhānāya na vakra-buddhaye
guhyaḥ hi ayam sarva-lokasya dharmaḥ na
imam dharmam yatra tatra prajalpet

22. aśiṣyāya avratāya aśraddadhānāya na
vakra-buddhaye ca na upakuryāt hi ayam
dharmaḥ sarva-lokasya guhyaḥ (asti)
imam dharmam yatra tatra na prajalpet

22. One should not benefit a student unworthy of instruction, nor one who has not taken vows, nor one who lacks conviction (śraddhā), nor one with a perverse intellect. For this (natural law) dharma is indeed a secret of all beings. One should not speak of this dharma indiscriminately.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अशिष्याय (aśiṣyāya) - to a student unworthy of instruction (to one who is not a student, to an unworthy pupil)

• अव्रताय (avratāya) - to one who has not taken vows (to one without vows, not observing sacred duties)

• उपकुर्यात् (upakuryāt) - should benefit (should help, should do good, should assist)

• न (na) - not, no

• अश्रद्दधानाय (aśraddadhānāya) - to one who lacks conviction (śraddhā) (to one lacking faith, without conviction)

• न (na) - not, no

• वक्र-बुद्धये (vakra-buddhaye) - to one with a perverse intellect (to one with a crooked mind, to a perverse intellect)

• गुह्यः (guhyaḥ) - a secret (natural law) (secret, hidden, mysterious)

• हि (hi) - for (it is indeed) (indeed, surely, for)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (dharma) (this (masculine singular))

• सर्व-लोकस्य (sarva-lokasya) - of all beings (of all worlds, of all people, of all beings)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, virtue, religious duty)

• न (na) - not, no

• इमम् (imam) - this (dharma) (this (masculine singular accusative))

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - this dharma (natural law, virtue, religious duty)

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• प्रजल्पेत् (prajalpet) - should speak (of dharma) indiscriminately (should talk idly, should reveal carelessly, should prattle)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अशिष्याय (aśiṣyāya) - to a student unworthy of instruction (to one who is not a student, to an unworthy pupil)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of aśiṣya

aśiṣya - not a pupil, unworthy of being taught

Nañ-tatpurusha compound of 'a' (not) and 'śiṣya' (pupil).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śiṣya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śiṣya – pupil, student, disciple
  noun (masculine)
  gerundive
  from śās
  Root: śās (class 2)

अव्रताय (avratāya) - to one who has not taken vows (to one without vows, not observing sacred duties)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of avrata

avrata - not observing vows, without sacred duties, unholy

Nañ-bahuvrihi or Nañ-tatpurusha compound of 'a' (not) and 'vrata' (vow).

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+vrata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• vrata – vow, sacred duty, religious observance
  noun (neuter)

उपकुर्यात् (upakuryāt) - should benefit (should help, should do good, should assist)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of upakṛ

optative mood, 3rd person singular

from upa-kṛ

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अश्रद्दधानाय (aśraddadhānāya) - to one who lacks conviction (śraddhā) (to one lacking faith, without conviction)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of aśraddadhāna

aśraddadhāna - not having faith, unbelieving

Present Active Participle, from a-śrad-dhā

Nañ-tatpurusha compound of 'a' (not) and 'śraddadhāna' (having faith).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śraddadhāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śraddadhāna – having faith, believing
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Present Active Participle (Atmanepada)
  from śrad-dhā
  Prefix: śrad
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The word "śraddhā" itself is a noun; "śraddadhāna" is a participle "having śraddhā".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वक्र-बुद्धये (vakra-buddhaye) - to one with a perverse intellect (to one with a crooked mind, to a perverse intellect)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vakra-buddhi

vakra-buddhi - crooked-minded, perverse intellect

Bahuvrihi compound: 'whose intellect (buddhi) is crooked (vakra)'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vakra+buddhi)

• vakra – crooked, bent, indirect
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

गुह्यः (guhyaḥ) - a secret (natural law) (secret, hidden, mysterious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, mysterious, to be concealed

Gerundive

from guh

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with ayam dharmaḥ.

हि (hi) - for (it is indeed) (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (dharma) (this (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

सर्व-लोकस्य (sarva-lokasya) - of all beings (of all worlds, of all people, of all beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarva-loka

sarva-loka - all worlds, all people, all beings

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarva+loka)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• loka – world, people, being
  noun (masculine)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (natural law, virtue, religious duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - law, duty, righteousness, virtue, natural order, constitution

from dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इमम् (imam) - this (dharma) (this (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

धर्मम् (dharmam) - this dharma (natural law, virtue, religious duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - law, duty, righteousness, virtue, natural order, constitution

from dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of prajalpet.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

प्रजल्पेत् (prajalpet) - should speak (of dharma) indiscriminately (should talk idly, should reveal carelessly, should prattle)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pra-jalp

optative mood, 3rd person singular

from pra-jalp

Prefix: pra

Root: jalp (class 1)

Note: The pra prefix often implies 'forth, forward, excessively' or here 'indiscriminately'.

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