महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-75, verse-14

एवं तस्याग्रे पूर्वमर्धं वदेत गवां दाता विधिवत्पूर्वदृष्टम् ।
प्रतिब्रूयाच्छेषमर्धं द्विजातिः प्रतिगृह्णन्वै गोप्रदाने विधिज्ञः ॥१४॥

14. evaṁ tasyāgre pūrvamardhaṁ vadeta; gavāṁ dātā vidhivatpūrvadṛṣṭam ,
pratibrūyāccheṣamardhaṁ dvijātiḥ; pratigṛhṇanvai gopradāne vidhijñaḥ.

14. evaṃ tasya agre pūrvam ardhaṃ vadeta
gavāṃ dātā vidhivat pūrva-dṛṣṭam
| pratibrūyāt śeṣam ardhaṃ dvijātiḥ
pratigṛhṇan vai go-pradāne vidhi-jñaḥ

14. evaṃ gavāṃ dātā vidhivat pūrva-dṛṣṭam
pūrvam ardhaṃ tasya agre vadeta
vidhi-jñaḥ dvijātiḥ gopradāne
pratigṛhṇan vai śeṣam ardhaṃ pratibrūyāt

14. Thus, the giver of cows should speak the first half (of the verse) before him, according to the prescribed rule, as previously established. The twice-born (dvijāti), who is well-versed in the rituals of cow-giving and is indeed receiving, should reply with the remaining half.

Words meanings summery:

• एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner, so

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• अग्रे (agre) - before, in front of, in the presence of

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, prior, earlier

• अर्धं (ardhaṁ) - half

• वदेत (vadeta) - should speak, should say

• गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows

• दाता (dātā) - giver, donor

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

• पूर्व-दृष्टम् (pūrva-dṛṣṭam) - previously seen, formerly established

• प्रतिब्रूयात् (pratibrūyāt) - should reply, should speak in return

• शेषम् (śeṣam) - remaining, residual, the rest

• अर्धं (ardhaṁ) - half

• द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - the twice-born (dvijāti), referring to a Brahmin (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, or a bird, tooth))

• प्रतिगृह्णन् (pratigṛhṇan) - receiving, accepting

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• गो-प्रदाने (go-pradāne) - in the rituals of cow-giving (dāna) (in the giving of a cow)

• विधि-ज्ञः (vidhi-jñaḥ) - knower of rules, expert in law/rituals

Words meanings and morphology

एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अग्रे (agre) - before, in front of, in the presence of

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative case used adverbially.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, prior, earlier

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrva

pūrva - first, prior, earlier, former, eastern

अर्धं (ardhaṁ) - half

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, side

वदेत (vadeta) - should speak, should say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vad (class 1)

गवां (gavāṁ) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle; earth; ray of light

दाता (dātā) - giver, donor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

Root: dā (class 3)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, ritually

(indeclinable)

पूर्व-दृष्टम् (pūrva-dṛṣṭam) - previously seen, formerly established

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvadṛṣṭa

pūrvadṛṣṭa - seen before, previously established, foreseen

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+dṛṣṭa)

• pūrva – former, prior, earlier
  adjective (masculine)
• dṛṣṭa – seen, observed, known, established
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्रतिब्रूयात् (pratibrūyāt) - should reply, should speak in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pratibrū

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, active voice. Root brū (to speak) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: brū (class 2)

शेषम् (śeṣam) - remaining, residual, the rest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residual, balance, rest

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

अर्धं (ardhaṁ) - half

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, part, side

द्विजातिः (dvijātiḥ) - the twice-born (dvijāti), referring to a Brahmin (twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, or a bird, tooth))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (specifically referring to a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya, but can also mean bird, tooth, etc.)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, species, class
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

प्रतिगृह्णन् (pratigṛhṇan) - receiving, accepting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigṛhṇat

pratigṛhṇat - receiving, accepting

Present Active Participle

From root grah (to seize, take) with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

गो-प्रदाने (go-pradāne) - in the rituals of cow-giving (dāna) (in the giving of a cow)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gopradāna

gopradāna - the giving of a cow; a cow-gift

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+pradāna)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (feminine)
• pradāna – giving, offering, donation
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

विधि-ज्ञः (vidhi-jñaḥ) - knower of rules, expert in law/rituals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhijña

vidhijña - knower of rules, acquainted with laws or rituals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vidhi+jña)

• vidhi – rule, ordinance, ritual, method
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, expert
  adjective
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)