महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-69, verse-8

तथा ब्रुवाणं तु तमाह माधवः शुभं त्वया कर्म कृतं न पापकम् ।
कथं भवान्दुर्गतिमीदृशीं गतो नरेन्द्र तद्ब्रूहि किमेतदीदृशम् ॥८॥

8. tathā bruvāṇaṁ tu tamāha mādhavaḥ; śubhaṁ tvayā karma kṛtaṁ na pāpakam ,
kathaṁ bhavāndurgatimīdṛśīṁ gato; narendra tadbrūhi kimetadīdṛśam.

8. tathā bruvāṇam tu tam āha mādhavaḥ
śubham tvayā karma kṛtam na pāpakam
katham bhavān durgatim īdṛśīm gataḥ
narendra tat brūhi kim etat īdṛśam

8. To him, who was speaking thus, Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) said: "You performed virtuous deeds (karma), not sinful ones. O King, how did you come to this terrible condition? Please explain how this happened."

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - (him) who was speaking (speaking, saying)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the preceding phrase) (but, indeed, however)

• तम् (tam) - him (Nṛga) (him, that)

• आह (āha) - said (he said, he spoke)

• माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) (Mādhava, Kṛṣṇa, husband of Lakṣmī)

• शुभम् (śubham) - virtuous (good, auspicious, virtuous)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कर्म (karma) - deeds (karma) (action, deed, ritual, fate)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पापकम् (pāpakam) - sinful (deeds) (sinful, wicked)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (O King) (you (polite), your honor)

• दुर्गतिम् (durgatim) - this terrible condition (bad state, misfortune, distress)

• ईदृशीम् (īdṛśīm) - such (a terrible condition) (such, of this kind)

• गतः (gataḥ) - reached, come to (gone, arrived at, obtained)

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O King (vocative) (O king, lord of men)

• तत् (tat) - that (matter) (that, therefore)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please explain (tell, say)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• एतत् (etat) - this (condition) (this)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (a condition) (such, of this kind)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवाणम् (bruvāṇam) - (him) who was speaking (speaking, saying)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bruvāṇa

bruvāṇa - speaking, saying

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of √brū (to speak)

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (him).

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the preceding phrase) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तम् (tam) - him (Nṛga) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine accusative singular of tad.

आह (āha) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of ah

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person singular of √ah (defective verb)

Root: ah

Note: Subject is Mādhava.

माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) (Mādhava, Kṛṣṇa, husband of Lakṣmī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, Kṛṣṇa, Viṣṇu

Note: Kṛṣṇa.

शुभम् (śubham) - virtuous (good, auspicious, virtuous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, virtuous, beautiful

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कर्म (karma) - deeds (karma) (action, deed, ritual, fate)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

from √kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative with 'karma'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

पापकम् (pāpakam) - sinful (deeds) (sinful, wicked)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpaka

pāpaka - sinful, wicked, evil

Note: Adjective modifying an implied 'karma'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (O King) (you (polite), your honor)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (polite address), your honor, being

Note: Second person polite.

दुर्गतिम् (durgatim) - this terrible condition (bad state, misfortune, distress)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durgati

durgati - bad state, misfortune, distress, evil condition

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+gati)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• gati – movement, state, condition, course
  noun (feminine)
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

ईदृशीम् (īdṛśīm) - such (a terrible condition) (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Note: Qualifies 'durgatim'.

गतः (gataḥ) - reached, come to (gone, arrived at, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, gone to, arrived at, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

from √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'bhavān'.

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O King (vocative) (O king, lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+indra)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Literally 'lord of men'.

तत् (tat) - that (matter) (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of 'brūhi'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please explain (tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Lot) of brū

Imperative Active

Imperative, 2nd person singular of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

एतत् (etat) - this (condition) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'īdṛśam' condition.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (a condition) (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Note: Predicative with 'etat'.