महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-69, verse-33

प्रदानं फलवत्तत्र द्रोहस्तत्र तथाफलः ।
अपचारं गवां तस्माद्वर्जयेत युधिष्ठिर ॥३३॥

33. pradānaṁ phalavattatra drohastatra tathāphalaḥ ,
apacāraṁ gavāṁ tasmādvarjayeta yudhiṣṭhira.

33. pradānaṃ phalavat tatra drohaḥ tatra tathāphalaḥ
apacāraṃ gavām tasmāt varjayeta yudhiṣṭhira

33. yudhiṣṭhira tatra pradānaṃ phalavat tatra drohaḥ
tathāphalaḥ tasmāt gavām apacāraṃ varjayeta

33. In this regard, giving (cows) is fruitful, while harming them leads to similar (negative) results. Therefore, O Yudhiṣṭhira, one should avoid any offense against cows.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रदानं (pradānaṁ) - the giving of cows (giving, donation, gift)

• फलवत् (phalavat) - yielding positive results (fruitful, bearing fruit, efficacious)

• तत्र (tatra) - in the context of dealing with cows/brahmins' property (there, in that matter, in this context)

• द्रोहः (drohaḥ) - the act of causing harm (to cows) (injury, harm, hostility, malice)

• तत्र (tatra) - in the context of dealing with cows/brahmins' property (there, in that matter, in this context)

• तथाफलः (tathāphalaḥ) - resulting in negative consequences similar to Nṛga's fate (having similar results, with like fruit)

• अपचारं (apacāraṁ) - improper conduct towards cows (offense, transgression, ill-treatment)

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, for that reason

• वर्जयेत (varjayeta) - one should avoid, one should shun

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

प्रदानं (pradānaṁ) - the giving of cows (giving, donation, gift)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, granting, donation

From prefix pra- + root √dā (to give)

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

फलवत् (phalavat) - yielding positive results (fruitful, bearing fruit, efficacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phalavat

phalavat - fruitful, productive, yielding results

Possessive suffix -vat added to 'phala' (fruit)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'pradānaṃ'.

तत्र (tatra) - in the context of dealing with cows/brahmins' property (there, in that matter, in this context)

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun stem 'tad' + suffix -tra

द्रोहः (drohaḥ) - the act of causing harm (to cows) (injury, harm, hostility, malice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droha

droha - injury, malice, treachery

From root √druh (to injure, betray)

Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

तत्र (tatra) - in the context of dealing with cows/brahmins' property (there, in that matter, in this context)

(indeclinable)

तथाफलः (tathāphalaḥ) - resulting in negative consequences similar to Nṛga's fate (having similar results, with like fruit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tathāphala

tathāphala - having such a result, with similar fruit/consequence

Compound of 'tathā' (thus, so) and 'phala' (fruit)

Compound type : karmadharaya (tathā+phala)

• tathā – thus, so, in like manner
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'drohaḥ'.

अपचारं (apacāraṁ) - improper conduct towards cows (offense, transgression, ill-treatment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apacāra

apacāra - improper conduct, offense, ill-treatment

From prefix apa- + root √car (to move, behave)

Prefix: apa

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of 'varjayeta'.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

Note: Qualifies 'apacāraṃ', meaning 'offense towards cows'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of pronoun 'tad', used adverbially

वर्जयेत (varjayeta) - one should avoid, one should shun

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of varjay

optative active 3rd person singular

Causative form of root √vṛj (to avoid, abandon) or from root √vṛj + suffix -aya in optative mood, parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice

Root: vṛj (class 10)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest Pāṇḍava)

Name meaning 'steadfast in battle'

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
  Locative singular 'yudhi'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Direct address.