महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-69, verse-18

ब्राह्मण उवाच ।
न राज्ञां प्रतिगृह्णामि शक्तोऽहं स्वस्य मार्गणे ।
सैव गौर्दीयतां शीघ्रं ममेति मधुसूदन ॥१८॥

18. brāhmaṇa uvāca ,
na rājñāṁ pratigṛhṇāmi śakto'haṁ svasya mārgaṇe ,
saiva gaurdīyatāṁ śīghraṁ mameti madhusūdana.

18. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca na rājñām pratigṛhṇāmi śaktaḥ aham svasya
mārgaṇe sā eva gauḥ dīyatām śīghram mama iti madhusūdana

18. brāhmaṇaḥ uvāca: na rājñām pratigṛhṇāmi.
aham svasya mārgaṇe śaktaḥ (asmi).
he madhusūdana,
sā eva gauḥ mama śīghram dīyatām! iti.

18. The Brahmin said: 'I do not accept anything from kings; I am capable of acquiring my own needs. O Madhusūdana (Kṛṣṇa), let that very cow be given to me quickly!'

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings, from kings

• प्रतिगृह्णामि (pratigṛhṇāmi) - I accept, I receive

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, strong

• अहम् (aham) - I

• स्वस्य (svasya) - of my own (means/livelihood) (of one's own, belonging to oneself)

• मार्गणे (mārgaṇe) - in acquiring (my needs) (in seeking, in searching, in acquiring)

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, very

• गौः (gauḥ) - cow (cow, ox, earth, ray of light)

• दीयताम् (dīyatām) - let it be given

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• मम (mama) - to me, for me

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, that

• मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O slayer of Madhu (an epithet for Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, related to brahman (the Absolute)

From brahman (Brahma or the Absolute) + aṇ suffix.

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect

Reduplicated past tense form.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates pratigṛhṇāmi.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings, from kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Indicates the source from which offerings are not accepted.

प्रतिगृह्णामि (pratigṛhṇāmi) - I accept, I receive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Present indicative

From root grah with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Subject is implied 'I' (the Brahmin).

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable, able, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - capable, able, strong, powerful

Past Passive Participle

From root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for aham.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Explicit subject after śaktaḥ.

स्वस्य (svasya) - of my own (means/livelihood) (of one's own, belonging to oneself)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, own property, kinsman

Reflexive possessive pronoun/adjective.

Note: Modifies mārgaṇe. Can refer to one's own means or livelihood.

मार्गणे (mārgaṇe) - in acquiring (my needs) (in seeking, in searching, in acquiring)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mārgaṇa

mārgaṇa - seeking, searching, acquiring, begging

From root mṛg (to seek, hunt).

Root: mṛg (class 10)

Note: Refers to the domain of the Brahmin's capability.

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the desired cow.

एव (eva) - just, only, indeed, very

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'that very cow'.

गौः (gauḥ) - cow (cow, ox, earth, ray of light)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

Note: Subject of dīyatām.

दीयताम् (dīyatām) - let it be given

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Imperative, Passive

Passive voice, present tense, 3rd person singular imperative.

Root: dā (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is gauḥ.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of śīghra (quick, swift) used as an adverb.

Note: Modifies dīyatām.

मम (mama) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Genitive/Dative singular form.

Note: Indicates the recipient. Functions as dative 'to me'.

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, that

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing or concluding a quotation.

Note: Concludes the Brahmin's speech.

मधुसूदन (madhusūdana) - O slayer of Madhu (an epithet for Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of madhusūdana

madhusūdana - slayer of the demon Madhu (an epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa)

Compound of madhu (name of a demon) and sūdana (slayer, destroyer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madhu+sūdana)

• madhu – Madhu (name of a demon), sweet, honey
  proper noun (masculine)
• sūdana – slayer, destroyer, crushing
  adjective
  Agent noun
  From root sūd (to destroy, kill).
  Root: sūd (class 10)

Note: Addressed to Kṛṣṇa (implied context).