महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-69, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्रैव कीर्त्यते सद्भिर्ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमर्शने ।
नृगेण सुमहत्कृच्छ्रं यदवाप्तं कुरूद्वह ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atraiva kīrtyate sadbhirbrāhmaṇasvābhimarśane ,
nṛgeṇa sumahatkṛcchraṁ yadavāptaṁ kurūdvaha.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra eva kīrtyate sadbhiḥ brāhmaṇasvābhimaśane
nṛgeṇa sumahat kṛcchram yat avāptam kurūdvaha

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca kurūdvaha atra eva brāhmaṇasvābhimaśane
sadbhiḥ yat sumahat kṛcchram nṛgeṇa avāptam kīrtyate

1. Bhishma said: O upholder of the Kurus, in this very context, the virtuous recount the great hardship that King Nṛga experienced due to the improper seizure of a brahmin's property.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - in this context (here, in this place, in this matter)

• एव (eva) - very, indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• कीर्त्यते (kīrtyate) - is recounted (is recounted, is praised, is mentioned)

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous (by the good, by the virtuous, by the wise)

• ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमशने (brāhmaṇasvābhimaśane) - due to the improper seizure of a brahmin's property (in the matter of seizing a brahmin's property)

• नृगेण (nṛgeṇa) - by King Nṛga (by Nṛga)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very large

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - hardship, difficulty, suffering

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

• अवाप्तम् (avāptam) - was undergone (obtained, acquired, undergone)

• कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O upholder of the Kurus (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O upholder of the Kurus, O best of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a prominent character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Irregular perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - in this context (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative suffix -tra added to pronoun base a-

एव (eva) - very, indeed (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

Note: Intensifies `atra`

कीर्त्यते (kīrtyate) - is recounted (is recounted, is praised, is mentioned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of kīrt

From root kṛt, ṇa-pratyaya (denominative)

Root: kṛt (class 10)

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the virtuous (by the good, by the virtuous, by the wise)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real, true, wise

Present active participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agent of passive verb `kīrtyate`

ब्राह्मणस्वाभिमशने (brāhmaṇasvābhimaśane) - due to the improper seizure of a brahmin's property (in the matter of seizing a brahmin's property)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of brāhmaṇasvābhimaśana

brāhmaṇasvābhimaśana - touching/seizing a brahmin's property

Compound of 'brāhmaṇa' (brahmin), 'sva' (own property), and 'abhimaśana' (touching, seizing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brāhmaṇa+sva+abhimaśana)

• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, belonging to Brahmā
  noun (masculine)
• sva – one's own, self, property, wealth
  pronoun (neuter)
• abhimaśana – touching, seizing, handling, appropriating
  noun (neuter)
  From abhi + root mṛś (to touch, seize)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: mṛś (class 6)

नृगेण (nṛgeṇa) - by King Nṛga (by Nṛga)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛga

nṛga - Nṛga (name of a king, son of Ikṣvāku)

Note: Agent of `avāptam` (in construction with `kīrtyate`)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very large

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, mighty

Compound of 'su' (very, good) and 'mahat' (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very (prefix)
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: mah

Note: Qualifies `kṛcchram`

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - hardship, difficulty, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, hardship, distress, penance

Root: kṛcch

Note: Subject of the relative clause, object of `avāptam` when parsed as a complex sentence.

यत् (yat) - which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Pronominal stem

Note: Refers to `kṛcchram`

अवाप्तम् (avāptam) - was undergone (obtained, acquired, undergone)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avāpta

avāpta - obtained, acquired, reached, undergone

Past Passive Participle

From ava + root āp (to obtain)

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for `kṛcchram`

कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - O upholder of the Kurus (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O upholder of the Kurus, O best of the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurūdvaha

kurūdvaha - upholder of the Kurus, best of the Kurus (epithet)

Compound of 'kuru' (Kuru clan) and 'udvaha' (upholder, bearer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+udvaha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king, also refers to his dynasty/clan)
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, upholder, carrying, causing
  noun (masculine)
  From ud + root vah (to carry, bear)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)

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