महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-8, verse-31

जित्वा ममत्वं ब्रुवते पुत्रा इव पितुर्धने ।
राजर्षयो जितस्वर्गा धर्मो ह्येषां निगद्यते ॥३१॥

31. jitvā mamatvaṁ bruvate putrā iva piturdhane ,
rājarṣayo jitasvargā dharmo hyeṣāṁ nigadyate.

31. jitvā mamatvam bruvate putrāḥ iva pituḥ dhane
rājarṣayaḥ jitasvargāḥ dharmaḥ hi eṣām nigadyate

31. mamatvam jitvā putrāḥ pituḥ dhane iva bruvate
eṣām rājarṣayaḥ jitasvargāḥ hi dharmaḥ nigadyate

31. Having conquered possessiveness (mamatva), they declare their right (over the earth), just as sons do over their father's wealth. These royal sages (rājarṣayaḥ) have conquered heaven, and for them, this is indeed proclaimed to be their natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having overcome

• ममत्वम् (mamatvam) - possessiveness, egoism, sense of 'mine'

• ब्रुवते (bruvate) - they say, they declare

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• धने (dhane) - in the wealth, on the property

• राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, king-sages

• जितस्वर्गाः (jitasvargāḥ) - those who have conquered heaven, whose heaven is conquered

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, constitution

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, to these

• निगद्यते (nigadyate) - is declared, is spoken of, is narrated

Words meanings and morphology

जित्वा (jitvā) - having conquered, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root JI.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

ममत्वम् (mamatvam) - possessiveness, egoism, sense of 'mine'

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mamatva

mamatva - possessiveness, egoism, sense of 'mine', ownership

Derived from 'mama' (mine) with suffix '-tva' (state of being).

Note: Object of 'jitvā'.

ब्रुवते (bruvate) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Middle Third Person Plural

Root BRŪ (class 2, irregular), Present Indicative Middle Voice, 3rd person plural.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'they' (i.e., the rājarṣayaḥ).

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Possessive, modifies 'dhane'.

धने (dhane) - in the wealth, on the property

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

Note: Location for the comparison.

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages, king-sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

Compound of 'rājan' (king) and 'ṛṣi' (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

जितस्वर्गाः (jitasvargāḥ) - those who have conquered heaven, whose heaven is conquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitasvarga

jitasvarga - having conquered heaven, having won heaven

Compound of 'jita' (conquered) and 'svarga' (heaven).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+svarga)

• jita – conquered, won
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root JI.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'rājarṣayaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, constitution, virtue

Note: Subject of 'nigadyate'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these, to these

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to 'rājarṣayaḥ'.

निगद्यते (nigadyate) - is declared, is spoken of, is narrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ni-gad

Present Passive Third Person Singular

Root GAD (class 1) with prefix NI, Present Indicative Passive Voice, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ni

Root: gad (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'dharmaḥ'.