महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-8, verse-12

अश्वस्तनमृषीणां हि विद्यते वेद तद्भवान् ।
यं त्विमं धर्ममित्याहुर्धनादेष प्रवर्तते ॥१२॥

12. aśvastanamṛṣīṇāṁ hi vidyate veda tadbhavān ,
yaṁ tvimaṁ dharmamityāhurdhanādeṣa pravartate.

12. aśvastanam ṛṣīṇām hi vidyate veda tat bhavān yam
tu imam dharmam iti āhuḥ dhanāt eṣaḥ pravartate

12. hi ṛṣīṇām aśvastanam vidyate.
bhavān tat veda.
tu yam imam dharmam iti āhuḥ,
eṣaḥ dhanāt pravartate.

12. Indeed, the sages possess nothing for tomorrow; you know that. But this principle, which they call natural law (dharma), originates from wealth.

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वस्तनम् (aśvastanam) - nothing for tomorrow (implying lack of provision for the future) (not for tomorrow, not pertaining to the future)

• ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

• वेद (veda) - you know

• तत् (tat) - that

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

• यम् (yam) - which, whom

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• इमम् (imam) - this

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

• धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth, from riches

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, arises, commences

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वस्तनम् (aśvastanam) - nothing for tomorrow (implying lack of provision for the future) (not for tomorrow, not pertaining to the future)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśvastana

aśvastana - not belonging to tomorrow, not having anything for tomorrow, not future-oriented

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śvastana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śvastana – relating to tomorrow, future
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from śvas (tomorrow)

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular.

ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Root: vid (class 4)

वेद (veda) - you know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (present sense) (liṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), sir, master

Present Active Participle

Derived from root bhū- 'to be, become'

Root: bhū (class 1)

यम् (yam) - which, whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law, righteousness, duty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they call

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (present sense) (liṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

धनात् (dhanāt) - from wealth, from riches

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this, that

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - proceeds, arises, commences

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pravṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)