महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-65, verse-24

इन्द्र उवाच ।
विनष्टायां दण्डनीतौ राजधर्मे निराकृते ।
संप्रमुह्यन्ति भूतानि राजदौरात्म्यतो नृप ॥२४॥

24. indra uvāca ,
vinaṣṭāyāṁ daṇḍanītau rājadharme nirākṛte ,
saṁpramuhyanti bhūtāni rājadaurātmyato nṛpa.

24. indraḥ uvāca vinaṣṭāyām daṇḍanītau rājadharme
nirākṛte sampramuhyanti bhūtāni rājadourātmyataḥ nṛpa

24. indraḥ uvāca nṛpa daṇḍanītau vinaṣṭāyām rājadharme
nirākṛte rājadourātmyataḥ bhūtāni sampramuhyanti

24. Indra said: "O king, when the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) is destroyed and the natural law (dharma) of kings is disregarded, all beings become utterly bewildered due to the wickedness of rulers."

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of a deity)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विनष्टायाम् (vinaṣṭāyām) - when destroyed, in a destroyed state

• दण्डनीतौ (daṇḍanītau) - in the science of governance, in the policy of punishment

• राजधर्मे (rājadharme) - the natural law (dharma) of kings, the duty of kings

• निराकृते (nirākṛte) - when disregarded, rejected, set aside

• सम्प्रमुह्यन्ति (sampramuhyanti) - become utterly bewildered, confused

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

• राजदोउरात्म्यतः (rājadourātmyataḥ) - due to the wickedness of kings, from the evil nature of rulers

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king, ruler

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (name of a deity)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (chief of the devas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

विनष्टायाम् (vinaṣṭāyām) - when destroyed, in a destroyed state

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vinaṣṭa

vinaṣṭa - destroyed, ruined, lost

Past Passive Participle

From vi- + √naś (to perish, be lost)

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

दण्डनीतौ (daṇḍanītau) - in the science of governance, in the policy of punishment

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - science of governance, policy, administration of justice

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – stick, rod, punishment, scepter, rule
  noun (masculine)
• nīti – conduct, policy, ethics, guidance, science of polity
  noun (feminine)
  From √nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

राजधर्मे (rājadharme) - the natural law (dharma) of kings, the duty of kings

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - the duty of a king, royal natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

निराकृते (nirākṛte) - when disregarded, rejected, set aside

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nirākṛta

nirākṛta - disregarded, rejected, set aside

Past Passive Participle

From nir- + ā- + √kṛ (to do, make)

Prefixes: nis+ā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolute locative construction.

सम्प्रमुह्यन्ति (sampramuhyanti) - become utterly bewildered, confused

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of sampramuh

Present Active

From sam- + pra- + √muh (to be bewildered, faint)

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: muh (class 4)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, existent

Past Passive Participle

From √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of sampramuhyanti.

राजदोउरात्म्यतः (rājadourātmyataḥ) - due to the wickedness of kings, from the evil nature of rulers

(indeclinable)

Compound of rājan (king) and dourātmya (wickedness).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dourātmya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dourātmya – wickedness, evil nature, depravity
  noun (neuter)
  From durātman (evil-minded) + ṣyañ suffix.

Note: Ablative suffix taḥ makes it indeclinable in this usage.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king, ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From nṛ (man) + √pā (to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pā – to protect, guard, rule
  verb
  Root used in composition.
  Root: pā (class 2)