महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-65, verse-19

पितृयज्ञास्तथा कूपाः प्रपाश्च शयनानि च ।
दानानि च यथाकालं द्विजेषु दद्युरेव ते ॥१९॥

19. pitṛyajñāstathā kūpāḥ prapāśca śayanāni ca ,
dānāni ca yathākālaṁ dvijeṣu dadyureva te.

19. pitṛyajñāḥ tathā kūpāḥ prapāḥ ca śayanāni ca
dānāni ca yathākālam dvijeṣu dadyuḥ eva te

19. te tathā pitṛyajñāḥ kūpāḥ prapāḥ ca śayanāni
ca dānāni ca yathākālam dvijeṣu eva dadyuḥ

19. Similarly, ancestral rites (yajña), wells, water-sheds, and resting places, as well as gifts (dāna) at the appropriate time, should certainly be given by them to the twice-born (dvija).

Words meanings summery:

• पितृयज्ञाः (pitṛyajñāḥ) - ancestral rites (yajña), offerings to ancestors

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, and so, in that way

• कूपाः (kūpāḥ) - wells

• प्रपाः (prapāḥ) - water-sheds, drinking places, public fountains

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• शयनानि (śayanāni) - resting places, beds, couches

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, charities (dāna)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the proper time, as appropriate, punctually

• द्विजेषु (dvijeṣu) - to the twice-born, to Brahmins

• दद्युः (dadyuḥ) - they should give

• एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only

• ते (te) - referring to the Dasyus from the previous verse (they)

Words meanings and morphology

पितृयज्ञाः (pitṛyajñāḥ) - ancestral rites (yajña), offerings to ancestors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛyajña

pitṛyajña - ancestral rite, offering to deceased ancestors (yajña)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+yajña)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• yajña – sacrifice, offering, worship (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, and so, in that way

(indeclinable)

कूपाः (kūpāḥ) - wells

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kūpa

kūpa - well, pit, hole

प्रपाः (prapāḥ) - water-sheds, drinking places, public fountains

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prapā

prapā - water-shed, public drinking place, well

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

शयनानि (śayanāni) - resting places, beds, couches

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śayana

śayana - bed, couch, resting place, sleeping

Derived from root śī (to lie down, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, charities (dāna)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, charity (dāna)

Derived from root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

यथाकालम् (yathākālam) - at the proper time, as appropriate, punctually

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+kāla)

• yathā – as, like, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

द्विजेषु (dvijeṣu) - to the twice-born, to Brahmins

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), a bird, a tooth

Derived from dvi (twice) and jan (to be born)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+jan)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• jan – to be born, to produce, to create
  root
  Root: jan (class 4)

दद्युः (dadyuḥ) - they should give

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

एव (eva) - certainly, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - referring to the Dasyus from the previous verse (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it