महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-25, verse-18

अरक्षिता दुर्विनीतो मानी स्तब्धोऽभ्यसूयकः ।
एनसा युज्यते राजा दुर्दान्त इति चोच्यते ॥१८॥

18. arakṣitā durvinīto mānī stabdho'bhyasūyakaḥ ,
enasā yujyate rājā durdānta iti cocyate.

18. arakṣitā durvinītaḥ mānī stabdhaḥ abhyasūyakaḥ
| enasā yujyate rājā durdāntaḥ iti ca ucyate

18. rājā arakṣitā durvinītaḥ mānī stabdhaḥ
abhyasūyakaḥ enasā yujyate ca durdāntaḥ iti ucyate

18. A king who fails to protect (his subjects), is ill-behaved, arrogant, rigid, and malicious becomes afflicted by sin (enas) and is (consequently) called 'unruly' or 'uncontrollable'.

Words meanings summery:

• अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - (a king who is) unprotective (of his subjects) (one who does not protect, unprotective)

• दुर्विनीतः (durvinītaḥ) - ill-disciplined, ill-behaved, rude

• मानी (mānī) - proud, arrogant, haughty

• स्तब्धः (stabdhaḥ) - rigid, stiff, stubborn, proud

• अभ्यसूयकः (abhyasūyakaḥ) - envious, malicious, censorious, fault-finding

• एनसा (enasā) - by sin, by fault, by offense

• युज्यते (yujyate) - becomes afflicted (by sin) (is yoked, is joined, is connected, is afflicted)

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• दुर्दान्तः (durdāntaḥ) - difficult to tame, unruly, uncontrollable

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation or conclusion)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is spoken

Words meanings and morphology

अरक्षिता (arakṣitā) - (a king who is) unprotective (of his subjects) (one who does not protect, unprotective)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arakṣitṛ

arakṣitṛ - one who does not protect, unprotective, unguarding

Agent noun

Compound of 'a-' (negation) and agent noun 'rakṣitṛ' (protector).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣitṛ)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• rakṣitṛ – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from √rakṣ (to protect) with suffix '-tṛ'.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: The form arakṣitā is masculine nominative singular for an agent noun ending in -tṛ.

दुर्विनीतः (durvinītaḥ) - ill-disciplined, ill-behaved, rude

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durvinīta

durvinīta - badly trained, ill-disciplined, ill-behaved, rude

Past Passive Participle

From 'dur-' (badly) and 'vinīta' (well-behaved, trained), which is P.P.P. of √nī (to lead) with 'vi-'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+vinīta)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or difficulty.
• vinīta – well-behaved, modest, trained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √nī (to lead) with 'vi-'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)

मानी (mānī) - proud, arrogant, haughty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānin

mānin - proud, arrogant, conceited; having a high opinion of oneself

Agent noun/adjective from √man (to think) with suffix -in.

Root: man (class 4)

स्तब्धः (stabdhaḥ) - rigid, stiff, stubborn, proud

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of stabdha

stabdha - stiff, rigid, immovable, stubborn, proud, arrogant

Past Passive Participle

From √stambh (to stiffen, support, stop).

Root: stambh (class 5)

अभ्यसूयकः (abhyasūyakaḥ) - envious, malicious, censorious, fault-finding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyasūyaka

abhyasūyaka - envious, malicious, censorious, fault-finding

Agent noun

From √asūy (to be jealous, envy) with prefix 'abhi-' and suffix '-aka'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: asūy (class 10)

एनसा (enasā) - by sin, by fault, by offense

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of enas

enas - sin, crime, fault, offense

युज्यते (yujyate) - becomes afflicted (by sin) (is yoked, is joined, is connected, is afflicted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of yuj

Present Middle

Passive form of √yuj (to join).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Formed from the root √yuj in the passive voice, 3rd person singular, present tense.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: N-stem noun.

दुर्दान्तः (durdāntaḥ) - difficult to tame, unruly, uncontrollable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdānta

durdānta - difficult to tame or control, unruly, uncontrollable, indomitable

Past Passive Participle (with 'dur')

From 'dur-' (difficult) and 'dānta' (tamed, controlled), which is P.P.P. of √dam (to tame).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+dānta)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or difficulty.
• dānta – tamed, controlled, self-controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dam (to tame, control).
  Root: dam (class 4)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation or conclusion)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'yujyate' and 'ucyate', implying "is afflicted and is called".

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is spoken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Middle

Passive form of √vac (to speak). The root undergoes guṇa and takes a 'y' suffix for passive.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Root √vac changes to uc in passive forms.