महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-20, verse-19

दृष्ट्वा बहुभिराक्रन्दे निहतं त्वामनाथवत् ।
वीरः पुरुषशार्दूलः कथं जीवति पाण्डवः ॥१९॥

19. dṛṣṭvā bahubhirākrande nihataṁ tvāmanāthavat ,
vīraḥ puruṣaśārdūlaḥ kathaṁ jīvati pāṇḍavaḥ.

19. dṛṣṭvā bahubhiḥ āklande nihatam tvām anāthavat
| vīraḥ puruṣaśārdūlaḥ katham jīvati pāṇḍavaḥ

19. bahubhiḥ āklande anāthavat nihatam vīraḥ puruṣaśārdūlaḥ
tvām dṛṣṭvā (aham) pāṇḍavaḥ katham jīvati?

19. Having seen you, the hero and tiger among men (puruṣaśārdūlaḥ), slain helplessly (anāthavat) by many amidst the great uproar (āklande), how does this Pāṇḍava (i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira himself) still live?

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• आक्लन्दे (āklande) - amidst the great uproar of battle/grief (in the uproar, in the lamentation, in the outcry)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like one without a protector, helplessly

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero

• पुरुषशार्दूलः (puruṣaśārdūlaḥ) - tiger among men, best of men

• कथम् (katham) - how

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - this Pāṇḍava, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira himself (Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu))

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from the root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, abundant

आक्लन्दे (āklande) - amidst the great uproar of battle/grief (in the uproar, in the lamentation, in the outcry)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āklanda

āklanda - shout, cry, outcry, lamentation, uproar

derived from root kland with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: kland (class 1)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

derived from the root han (to kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like one without a protector, helplessly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāthavat

anāthavat - like one without a master/protector, helpless

compound of anātha ('without a protector') and the suffix -vat ('like')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi-derived + suffix (anātha+vat)

• anātha – without a protector, helpless
  adjective (masculine)
  Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one who has no protector'
  Prefix: a
• vat – like, as, in the manner of
  indeclinable
  suffix forming adverbs or adjectives

Note: Used adverbially here.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

पुरुषशार्दूलः (puruṣaśārdūlaḥ) - tiger among men, best of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣaśārdūla

puruṣaśārdūla - tiger among men, chief of men, best of men

tatpuruṣa compound, 'a tiger of men'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+śārdūla)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, chief (used metaphorically)
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - this Pāṇḍava, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira himself (Pāṇḍava (son of Pāṇḍu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava