महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-20, verse-16

कथं त्वां रणमध्यस्थं जघ्नुरेते महारथाः ।
धिगस्तु क्रूरकर्तॄंस्तान्कृपकर्णजयद्रथान् ॥१६॥

16. kathaṁ tvāṁ raṇamadhyasthaṁ jaghnurete mahārathāḥ ,
dhigastu krūrakartṝṁstānkṛpakarṇajayadrathān.

16. katham tvām raṇamadhyastham jaghnuḥ ete mahārathāḥ
| dhik astu krūrakartṝn tān kṛpakarṇajayadrathān

16. katham ete mahārathāḥ raṇamadhyastham tvām jaghnuḥ
tān kṛpakarṇajayadrathān krūrakartṝn dhik astu

16. How could these great warriors have slain you, who stood in the midst of battle? Shame upon those cruel perpetrators—Kṛpa, Karṇa, and Jayadratha!

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• रणमध्यस्थम् (raṇamadhyastham) - standing in the middle of battle

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck down

• एते (ete) - these

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors, mighty charioteers

• धिक् (dhik) - shame, disgrace, fie

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• क्रूरकर्तॄन् (krūrakartṝn) - cruel perpetrators, those who committed cruel deeds

• तान् (tān) - those

• कृपकर्णजयद्रथान् (kṛpakarṇajayadrathān) - Kṛpa, Karṇa, and Jayadratha

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

रणमध्यस्थम् (raṇamadhyastham) - standing in the middle of battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇamadhyastha

raṇamadhyastha - standing in the midst of battle, situated in battle

compound formed from raṇa, madhya, and stha (from root sthā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+madhya+stha)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, center, intermediate
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix from root sthā
  derived from the root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed, they struck down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors, mighty charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, mighty charioteer (one who can fight 10,000 archers)

compound of mahā and ratha

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car; charioteer, warrior (often by extension)
  noun (masculine)

धिक् (dhik) - shame, disgrace, fie

(indeclinable)

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

क्रूरकर्तॄन् (krūrakartṝn) - cruel perpetrators, those who committed cruel deeds

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of krūrakartṛ

krūrakartṛ - cruel doer, perpetrator of cruelty

compound of krūra and kartṛ

Compound type : karmadhāraya (krūra+kartṛ)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful
  adjective
• kartṛ – doer, agent, creator
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from the root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

कृपकर्णजयद्रथान् (kṛpakarṇajayadrathān) - Kṛpa, Karṇa, and Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kṛpakarṇajayadratha

kṛpakarṇajayadratha - Kṛpa, Karṇa, and Jayadratha (names of warriors)

compound listing three proper nouns

Compound type : dvandva (kṛpa+karṇa+jayadratha)

• kṛpa – Kṛpa (name of a warrior and teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• karṇa – Karṇa (name of a warrior, son of Sūrya and Kuntī)
  proper noun (masculine)
• jayadratha – Jayadratha (name of the king of Sindhu, brother-in-law of Duryodhana)
  proper noun (masculine)