महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-15, verse-9

ब्रह्मचारी व्रती चापि दुरवापमवाप्य तत् ।
परमव्यसनार्तोऽपि नार्जुनोऽस्त्रं व्यमुञ्चत ॥९॥

9. brahmacārī vratī cāpi duravāpamavāpya tat ,
paramavyasanārto'pi nārjuno'straṁ vyamuñcata.

9. brahmacārī vratī ca api duravāpam avāpya tat
parama-vyasana-ārtaḥ api na arjunaḥ astram vyamuñcata

9. brahmacārī vratī ca api duravāpam tat avāpya,
arjunaḥ parama-vyasana-ārtaḥ api astram na vyamuñcata

9. Even a celibate (brahmacārin) who observes sacred vows, having acquired that (weapon) which is difficult to obtain, Arjuna still did not release the weapon, even when afflicted by the most extreme distress.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a celibate (brahmacārin) (a celibate student, one who observes celibacy)

• व्रती (vratī) - one who observes vows (one who observes vows, vowed, pious)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• दुरवापम् (duravāpam) - difficult to achieve (difficult to obtain, hard to reach)

• अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having reached)

• तत् (tat) - that (weapon) (that, it)

• परम-व्यसन-आर्तः (parama-vyasana-ārtaḥ) - afflicted by the most extreme distress (afflicted by extreme calamity/distress)

• अपि (api) - even (when) (even, also, too (concessive))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper name))

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (weapon, missile)

• व्यमुञ्चत (vyamuñcata) - released (released, discharged)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - a celibate (brahmacārin) (a celibate student, one who observes celibacy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who observes celibacy, a religious student, a celibate

From brahman + √car (to move, conduct)

Root: √car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Arjuna by implication, or generally refers to a qualified person.

व्रती (vratī) - one who observes vows (one who observes vows, vowed, pious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vratin

vratin - one who observes vows, vowed, pious, faithful

From vrata + suffix -in.

Note: Qualifies 'brahmacārī' and refers to Arjuna.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects brahmacārī and vratī.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

दुरवापम् (duravāpam) - difficult to achieve (difficult to obtain, hard to reach)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of duravāpa

duravāpa - difficult to obtain, hard to reach or attain

Compound: 'dur' (difficult) + 'avāpa' (attainable, from √āp with ava).

Compound type : pra-ādi (dur+avāpa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty
• avāpa – obtaining, reaching, attaining
  adjective (masculine)
  From ava + √āp (to obtain)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: √āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'tat'.

अवाप्य (avāpya) - having obtained (having obtained, having reached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From ava + √āp (to obtain).

Prefix: ava

Root: √āp (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that (weapon) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, this

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of 'avāpya'.

परम-व्यसन-आर्तः (parama-vyasana-ārtaḥ) - afflicted by the most extreme distress (afflicted by extreme calamity/distress)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-vyasana-ārta

parama-vyasana-ārta - afflicted by extreme calamity, suffering from great misfortune

Tatpuruṣa compound ('parama' + 'vyasana', then 'vyasana-ārta' is a 3rd tatpuruṣa).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+vyasana+ārta)

• parama – highest, utmost, extreme, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• vyasana – calamity, distress, misfortune, vice
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ṛ (to go, to be distressed)
  Root: √ṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Arjuna.

अपि (api) - even (when) (even, also, too (concessive))

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing concession.

Note: Denotes emphasis or concession.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negation particle

Note: Negates 'vyamuñcata'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince); white, silver-colored

Note: Subject of 'vyamuñcata'.

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon (weapon, missile)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - missile, weapon, arrow

Note: Object of 'vyamuñcata'.

व्यमुञ्चत (vyamuñcata) - released (released, discharged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √muc

Imperfect Active

From √muc (to release) with prefix vi-. Imperfect tense.

Prefix: vi

Root: √muc (class 6)