महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-15, verse-19

व्यास उवाच ।
अस्त्रं ब्रह्मशिरस्तात विद्वान्पार्थो धनंजयः ।
उत्सृष्टवान्न रोषेण न वधाय तवाहवे ॥१९॥

19. vyāsa uvāca ,
astraṁ brahmaśirastāta vidvānpārtho dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
utsṛṣṭavānna roṣeṇa na vadhāya tavāhave.

19. vyāsaḥ uvāca | astram brahmaśiraḥ tāta vidvān pārthaḥ
dhanaṃjayaḥ | utsṛṣṭavān na roṣeṇa na vadhāya tava āhave

19. vyāsaḥ uvāca tāta vidvān pārthaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ brahmaśiraḥ astram roṣeṇa na utsṛṣṭavān,
na tava āhave vadhāya (utsṛṣṭavān)

19. Vyasa said: "My dear child (tāta), the discerning Pārtha Dhananjaya released the Brahmaśiras missile not out of anger, nor with the intent to kill you (Ashwatthama) in battle."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - missile, weapon

• ब्रह्मशिरः (brahmaśiraḥ) - Brahmaśiras (a powerful divine weapon)

• तात (tāta) - Used as an affectionate address by an elder to a younger person, here by Vyasa to Janamejaya. (dear child, dear son, beloved one)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowing, learned, skilled, wise

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

• उत्सृष्टवान् (utsṛṣṭavān) - released, discharged, emitted

• न (na) - not, no

• रोषेण (roṣeṇa) - by anger, out of anger

• न (na) - not, no

• वधाय (vadhāya) - for killing, for destruction

• तव (tava) - Refers to Ashwatthama, the opponent in the recounted battle. (your, of you)

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of a sage, compiler of the Vedas and author of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect active, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्त्रम् (astram) - missile, weapon

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - missile, projectile, weapon (especially a magical or divine one)

ब्रह्मशिरः (brahmaśiraḥ) - Brahmaśiras (a powerful divine weapon)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of brahmaśiras

brahmaśiras - Brahmaśiras (a weapon with the power of Brahman), the head of Brahma

Compound word, literally 'Brahman's head' or 'foremost of Brahman's weapons'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+śiras)

• brahman – the Absolute, supreme reality; sacred knowledge; a priest
  noun (neuter)
• śiras – head, top, peak
  noun (neuter)

तात (tāta) - Used as an affectionate address by an elder to a younger person, here by Vyasa to Janamejaya. (dear child, dear son, beloved one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father (respectful address); dear child, dear son

विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowing, learned, skilled, wise

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise, skilled

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know) with the suffix -vas, forming a perfect active participle, here used as an adjective.

Root: vid (class 2)

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), an epithet for Arjuna

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhananjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth; an epithet for Arjuna

Compound word meaning 'conqueror of wealth'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

उत्सृष्टवान् (utsṛṣṭavān) - released, discharged, emitted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utsṛṣṭavat

utsṛṣṭavat - having released, having discharged

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit) with prefix ut-, using the suffix -vat to form a perfect active participle.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

रोषेण (roṣeṇa) - by anger, out of anger

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वधाय (vadhāya) - for killing, for destruction

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, murder

Root: vadh (class 1)

तव (tava) - Refers to Ashwatthama, the opponent in the recounted battle. (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, conflict

Root: hu (class 3)