महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-15, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
दृष्ट्वैव नरशार्दूलस्तावग्निसमतेजसौ ।
संजहार शरं दिव्यं त्वरमाणो धनंजयः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
dṛṣṭvaiva naraśārdūlastāvagnisamatejasau ,
saṁjahāra śaraṁ divyaṁ tvaramāṇo dhanaṁjayaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca dṛṣṭvā eva naraśārdūlau tau
agnisamatejasau saṃjahāra śaram divyam tvaramāṇaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca dhanaṃjayaḥ tvaramāṇaḥ tau agnisamatejasau
naraśārdūlau dṛṣṭvā eva divyam śaram saṃjahāra

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "Upon seeing those two tiger-like men, whose radiance (tejas) was like fire, Arjuna (dhanaṃjaya) swiftly withdrew his divine arrow."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the immediacy of the action ('upon seeing'). (indeed, just, only)

• नरशार्दूलौ (naraśārdūlau) - Refers to the two sages mentioned in the previous verse. (two tiger-like men, two excellent men)

• तौ (tau) - Refers to the two sages. (those two)

• अग्निसमतेजसौ (agnisamatejasau) - whose brilliance is like fire, having splendor equal to fire (dual)

• संजहार (saṁjahāra) - Arjuna withdrew his weapon. (he withdrew, he put away, he restrained)

• शरम् (śaram) - arrow

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly, celestial

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastening, hurrying, being quick

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (literally 'conqueror of wealth')

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a famous sage, disciple of Vyāsa, and narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular from root vac. Irregular formation for perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the immediacy of the action ('upon seeing'). (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

नरशार्दूलौ (naraśārdūlau) - Refers to the two sages mentioned in the previous verse. (two tiger-like men, two excellent men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - a tiger among men, an eminent man, a chief of men

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; excellent, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

तौ (tau) - Refers to the two sages. (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

अग्निसमतेजसौ (agnisamatejasau) - whose brilliance is like fire, having splendor equal to fire (dual)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of agnisamatejas

agnisamatejas - having splendor/radiance like fire

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (agni+sama+tejas)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• sama – like, equal to
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, radiance, power, energy
  noun (neuter)

संजहार (saṁjahāra) - Arjuna withdrew his weapon. (he withdrew, he put away, he restrained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of hṛ

Perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular from root hṛ with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: hṛ (class 1)

शरम् (śaram) - arrow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow; reed

Root: śṛ (class 1)

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly, celestial

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly; supernatural

Derived from div (heaven, sky).

Root: div (class 4)

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hastening, hurrying, being quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hastening, hurrying, quick

Present Middle Participle

Present participle (ātmanepada) from root tvar (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Arjuna (literally 'conqueror of wealth')

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name of Arjuna; fire

Compound of dhana (wealth) and jaya (victory, conquering).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, victorious
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)