महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-67, verse-23

मुहूर्तयाते तस्मिंस्तु कण्वोऽप्याश्रममागमत् ।
शकुन्तला च पितरं ह्रिया नोपजगाम तम् ॥२३॥

23. muhūrtayāte tasmiṁstu kaṇvo'pyāśramamāgamat ,
śakuntalā ca pitaraṁ hriyā nopajagāma tam.

23. muhūrtayāte tasmin tu kaṇvaḥ api āśramam āgamat
śakuntalā ca pitaram hriyā na upajagāma tam

23. But when he had departed for a short time, Kaṇva also arrived at the hermitage. And Śakuntalā, out of shame, did not approach her father.

Words meanings summery:

• मुहूर्तयाते (muhūrtayāte) - when a short time had passed (since Duṣyanta left) (after a short time had passed, when a muhūrta had gone)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - him (referring to Duṣyanta, in a locative absolute construction 'he having gone') (in him, in that, on that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कण्वः (kaṇvaḥ) - Kaṇva (Kaṇva (proper noun))

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - the hermitage (hermitage, abode of ascetics, stage of life)

• आगमत् (āgamat) - he arrived (he came, he arrived)

• शकुन्तला (śakuntalā) - Śakuntalā (Śakuntalā (proper noun))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - her father (father)

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - out of shame (by shame, with bashfulness)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उपजगाम (upajagāma) - did approach (she approached, she went near)

• तम् (tam) - that (father) (him, that)

Words meanings and morphology

मुहूर्तयाते (muhūrtayāte) - when a short time had passed (since Duṣyanta left) (after a short time had passed, when a muhūrta had gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of muhūrtayāta

muhūrtayāta - one who has gone a muhūrta (a short period of time)

Past Passive Participle (bahuvrihi)

Bahuvrīhi compound: muhūrta (a period of time) + yāta (gone/passed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (muhūrta+yāta)

• muhūrta – a moment, a period of time (48 minutes)
  noun (masculine)
• yāta – gone, passed, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yā + kta
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - him (referring to Duṣyanta, in a locative absolute construction 'he having gone') (in him, in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the king, part of a locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle

कण्वः (kaṇvaḥ) - Kaṇva (Kaṇva (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṇva

kaṇva - Name of a sage, foster-father of Śakuntalā

Note: Subject of āgamat

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - the hermitage (hermitage, abode of ascetics, stage of life)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, asylum, stage of life, ascetic's abode

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Object of āgamat

आगमत् (āgamat) - he arrived (he came, he arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular, imperfect, active voice, from root gam with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

शकुन्तला (śakuntalā) - Śakuntalā (Śakuntalā (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakuntalā

śakuntalā - Name of Duṣyanta's wife, foster-daughter of Kaṇva

Note: Subject of upajagāma

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

पितरम् (pitaram) - her father (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Object of upajagāma

ह्रिया (hriyā) - out of shame (by shame, with bashfulness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - shame, modesty, bashfulness

I-stem feminine noun

Note: Indicates the cause of her action.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

उपजगाम (upajagāma) - did approach (she approached, she went near)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect, active voice, from root gam with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (father) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to Kaṇva, father (pitaram).