महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-25, verse-33

ततो द्रुमं पतगसहस्रसेवितं महीधरप्रतिमवपुः प्रकम्पयन् ।
खगोत्तमो द्रुतमभिपत्य वेगवान्बभञ्ज तामविरलपत्रसंवृताम् ॥३३॥

33. tato drumaṁ patagasahasrasevitaṁ; mahīdharapratimavapuḥ prakampayan ,
khagottamo drutamabhipatya vegavā;nbabhañja tāmaviralapatrasaṁvṛtām.

33. tataḥ drumam patagasahasrasevitam
mahīdharapratimavapuḥ prakampayan
khagottamaḥ drutam abhipatya vegavān
babhañja tām aviralapatrasaṃvṛtām

33. Then, the foremost of birds, swift and with a body massive as a mountain, approached quickly, shaking the tree frequented by thousands of birds, and broke that thickly leaf-covered (branch).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom)

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - the tree (tree (accusative singular))

• पतगसहस्रसेवितम् (patagasahasrasevitam) - frequented by thousands of birds (served/frequented by thousands of birds (accusative singular masculine))

• महीधरप्रतिमवपुः (mahīdharapratimavapuḥ) - whose body was massive like a mountain (having a body like a mountain)

• प्रकम्पयन् (prakampayan) - shaking (the tree) (shaking (present participle, active))

• खगोत्तमः (khagottamaḥ) - the foremost of birds (Garuda) (best of birds, foremost bird)

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly (adverb))

• अभिपत्य (abhipatya) - having approached (the tree) (having approached)

• वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift (swift, powerful)

• बभञ्ज (babhañja) - he broke

• ताम् (tām) - that (branch) (that (accusative feminine))

• अविरलपत्रसंवृताम् (aviralapatrasaṁvṛtām) - thickly leaf-covered (covered with dense leaves (accusative feminine))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom)

(indeclinable)

द्रुमम् (drumam) - the tree (tree (accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

पतगसहस्रसेवितम् (patagasahasrasevitam) - frequented by thousands of birds (served/frequented by thousands of birds (accusative singular masculine))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patagasahasrasevita

patagasahasrasevita - frequented by thousands of birds

Compound adjective, past participle 'sevita' (served/frequented) with 'patagasahasra' (thousands of birds) as agent.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (patagasahasra+sevita)

• patagasahasra – thousands of birds
  noun (neuter)
  Compound: pataga (bird) + sahasra (thousand)
• sevita – served, worshipped, frequented
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  Derived from root √sev (to serve) + kta suffix.
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `drumam`.

महीधरप्रतिमवपुः (mahīdharapratimavapuḥ) - whose body was massive like a mountain (having a body like a mountain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīdharapratimavapus

mahīdharapratimavapus - having a body like a mountain

Bahuvrihi compound describing 'khagottamaḥ'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahīdhara+pratima+vapus)

• mahīdhara – mountain (earth-bearer)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: mahī (earth) + dhara (bearer)
• pratima – like, similar, resembling
  adjective (masculine)
  From prati + mā (to measure)
  Prefix: prati
  Root: mā (class 2)
• vapus – body, form
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying `khagottamaḥ`.

प्रकम्पयन् (prakampayan) - shaking (the tree) (shaking (present participle, active))

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakampayat

prakampayat - shaking, causing to tremble

present participle

From root √kamp (to tremble) with causative suffix (-i) + śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Modifies `khagottamaḥ`.

खगोत्तमः (khagottamaḥ) - the foremost of birds (Garuda) (best of birds, foremost bird)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khagottama

khagottama - best of birds

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khaga+uttama)

• khaga – bird (sky-goer)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: kha (sky) + ga (goer)
• uttama – best, highest, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ut
  Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly (adverb))

(indeclinable)

Past participle of √dru (to run), often used adverbially.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Modifies `abhipatya`.

अभिपत्य (abhipatya) - having approached (the tree) (having approached)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

From prefix `abhi` + root `√pat` (to fly/fall) + `lyap` suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

वेगवान् (vegavān) - swift (swift, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, powerful, possessing speed/force

possessive suffix (`-vat`)

From `vega` (speed) + `matup` suffix.

Note: Modifies `khagottamaḥ`.

बभञ्ज (babhañja) - he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of bhañj

perfect tense (lit)

Reduplicated past tense.

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Main verb.

ताम् (tām) - that (branch) (that (accusative feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `babhañja`.

अविरलपत्रसंवृताम् (aviralapatrasaṁvṛtām) - thickly leaf-covered (covered with dense leaves (accusative feminine))

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aviralapatrasaṃvṛtā

aviralapatrasaṁvṛtā - covered with dense leaves

Bahuvrihi compound: a-virala (not sparse, i.e., dense) + patra (leaf) + saṃvṛta (covered).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avirala+patra+saṃvṛta)

• avirala – dense, not sparse
  adjective (masculine)
  Negative prefix 'a' + 'virala' (sparse).
  Prefix: a
• patra – leaf
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛta – covered, concealed
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  From prefix `sam` + root `√vṛ` (to cover) + `kta` suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Adjective modifying `tām`.