महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-25, verse-23

तं विक्षोभयमाणं तु सरो बहुझषाकुलम् ।
कूर्मोऽप्यभ्युद्यतशिरा युद्धायाभ्येति वीर्यवान् ॥२३॥

23. taṁ vikṣobhayamāṇaṁ tu saro bahujhaṣākulam ,
kūrmo'pyabhyudyataśirā yuddhāyābhyeti vīryavān.

23. tam vikṣobhayamāṇam tu saraḥ bahujhaṣākulam kūrmaḥ
api abhyudyataśirāḥ yuddhāya abhyeti vīryavān

23. As he (the elephant) agitated that lake, which was teeming with many fish, the mighty tortoise, too, with its head raised, advanced powerfully for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - the elephant (implied from context) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• विक्षोभयमाणम् (vikṣobhayamāṇam) - agitating (the lake) (agitating, disturbing (present participle, causative))

• तु (tu) - indeed, also (emphasizing the contrast/addition of the tortoise's action) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• सरः (saraḥ) - the lake (being agitated) (lake, pond)

• बहुझषाकुलम् (bahujhaṣākulam) - teeming with many fish (describing the lake) (full of many fish, teeming with many fish)

• कूर्मः (kūrmaḥ) - the tortoise (tortoise, turtle)

• अपि (api) - also, too (indicating the tortoise's action is in response or parallel) (also, even, too)

• अभ्युद्यतशिराः (abhyudyataśirāḥ) - with its head raised (having a raised head)

• युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for fighting)

• अभ्येति (abhyeti) - advanced for battle (comes towards, approaches)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, powerful (describing the tortoise) (mighty, powerful, valiant)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - the elephant (implied from context) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विक्षोभयमाणम् (vikṣobhayamāṇam) - agitating (the lake) (agitating, disturbing (present participle, causative))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikṣobhayamāṇa

vikṣobhayamāṇa - agitating, disturbing, causing to tremble

causative present participle (ātmanepada)

From causative of root kṣubh (to shake, tremble) with prefix vi-, suffix -māna.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṣubh (class 4)

तु (tu) - indeed, also (emphasizing the contrast/addition of the tortoise's action) (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

सरः (saraḥ) - the lake (being agitated) (lake, pond)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, water

बहुझषाकुलम् (bahujhaṣākulam) - teeming with many fish (describing the lake) (full of many fish, teeming with many fish)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahujhaṣākula

bahujhaṣākula - full of many fish

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahu+jhaṣa+ākula)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective
• jhaṣa – fish, large fish
  noun (masculine)
• ākula – full of, crowded with, agitated
  adjective
  From root kul (to collect) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul

Note: Agrees with 'saraḥ'.

कूर्मः (kūrmaḥ) - the tortoise (tortoise, turtle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kūrma

kūrma - tortoise, turtle

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अपि (api) - also, too (indicating the tortoise's action is in response or parallel) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अभ्युद्यतशिराः (abhyudyataśirāḥ) - with its head raised (having a raised head)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyudyataśiras

abhyudyataśiras - with raised head

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (abhyudyata+śiras)

• abhyudyata – raised, uplifted
  participle
  past passive participle
  from root yam (to lift) with prefixes abhi- and ud-
  Prefixes: abhi+ud
  Root: yam (class 1)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kūrmaḥ'.

युद्धाय (yuddhāya) - for battle (for battle, for fighting)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Indicates purpose.

अभ्येति (abhyeti) - advanced for battle (comes towards, approaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of abhi-i

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, powerful (describing the tortoise) (mighty, powerful, valiant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - mighty, powerful, valiant, heroic

Possessive suffix -vat

Note: Agrees with 'kūrmaḥ'.