महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-25, verse-31

तमुवाच खगश्रेष्ठं तत्र रोहिणपादपः ।
अतिप्रवृद्धः सुमहानापतन्तं मनोजवम् ॥३१॥

31. tamuvāca khagaśreṣṭhaṁ tatra rohiṇapādapaḥ ,
atipravṛddhaḥ sumahānāpatantaṁ manojavam.

31. tam uvāca khagaśreṣṭham tatra rohiṇapādapaḥ
atipravṛddhaḥ sumahān āpatantam manojavam

31. There, the Rohiṇa tree, which was exceedingly vast and grand, spoke to him, the best of birds, who was approaching with the speed of thought.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Garuda) (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• खगश्रेष्ठम् (khagaśreṣṭham) - to the best of birds (Garuda) (best of birds, chief of birds)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

• रोहिणपादपः (rohiṇapādapaḥ) - the specific Rohiṇa tree (the Rohiṇa tree)

• अतिप्रवृद्धः (atipravṛddhaḥ) - exceedingly vast (excessively grown, very large)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - grand (very great, very large)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling down (present participle))

• मनोजवम् (manojavam) - with the speed of thought (swift as thought, mind-swift)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Garuda) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Direct object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

खगश्रेष्ठम् (khagaśreṣṭham) - to the best of birds (Garuda) (best of birds, chief of birds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of khagaśreṣṭha

khagaśreṣṭha - best among birds

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khaga+śreṣṭha)

• khaga – bird, sky-goer
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative degree of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

Note: Refers to Garuda.

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

रोहिणपादपः (rohiṇapādapaḥ) - the specific Rohiṇa tree (the Rohiṇa tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rohiṇapādapa

rohiṇapādapa - Rohiṇa tree (a mythological tree)

compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rohiṇa+pādapa)

• rohiṇa – reddish, name of a tree (Terminalia chebula), a constellation
  noun (masculine)
• pādapa – tree (literally 'drinking with feet')
  noun (masculine)
  compound, from pāda (foot) + pa (drinker)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

अतिप्रवृद्धः (atipravṛddhaḥ) - exceedingly vast (excessively grown, very large)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atipravṛddha

atipravṛddha - excessively grown, greatly increased

past passive participle

compound with 'ati' (excessively) and 'pra' (intensifier) + vṛddha (grown, from root vṛdh)

Compound type : prādi samāsa (ati+pravṛddha)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• pravṛddha – grown, increased, large
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  from root vṛdh (to grow)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rohiṇapādapaḥ'.

सुमहान् (sumahān) - grand (very great, very large)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, magnificent

compound with 'su' (good, very) + mahat (great)

Compound type : prādi samāsa (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'rohiṇapādapaḥ'.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching (approaching, falling down (present participle))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, flying towards, falling down

present participle (active)

from root pat (to fall, fly), with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Garuda).

मनोजवम् (manojavam) - with the speed of thought (swift as thought, mind-swift)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manojavya

manojavya - swift as thought

compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manas+java)

• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)
• java – speed, swiftness
  noun (masculine)
  from root jū (to hasten)
  Root: jū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (Garuda).