महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-205, verse-30

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
सोऽभ्यनुज्ञाप्य राजानं ब्रह्मचर्याय दीक्षितः ।
वने द्वादश वर्षाणि वासायोपजगाम ह ॥३०॥

30. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
so'bhyanujñāpya rājānaṁ brahmacaryāya dīkṣitaḥ ,
vane dvādaśa varṣāṇi vāsāyopajagāma ha.

30. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | saḥ abhyanujñāpya rājānam brahmacaryāya
dīkṣitaḥ | vane dvādaśa varṣāṇi vāsāya upajagāma ha

30. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Having obtained permission from the king, he was initiated for a life of spiritual studenthood (brahmacarya) and indeed went to the forest to reside there for twelve years.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अभ्यनुज्ञाप्य (abhyanujñāpya) - having obtained permission, having caused to be permitted

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• ब्रह्मचर्याय (brahmacaryāya) - for a life of spiritual studenthood (brahmacarya) (for brahmacarya, for a student life, for celibacy)

• दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - initiated, consecrated, vowed

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years, rainy seasons

• वासाय (vāsāya) - for residence, for dwelling

• उपजगाम (upajagāma) - went near, approached, went to

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely (an emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, student of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभ्यनुज्ञाप्य (abhyanujñāpya) - having obtained permission, having caused to be permitted

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Derived from the causative of verbal root jñā (to know, permit) with prefixes abhi and anu.

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

ब्रह्मचर्याय (brahmacaryāya) - for a life of spiritual studenthood (brahmacarya) (for brahmacarya, for a student life, for celibacy)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of brahmacarya

brahmacarya - student life, celibacy, spiritual conduct, pursuit of brahman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+carya)

• brahman – the Absolute, ultimate reality, sacred knowledge, Vedic text
  noun (neuter)
• carya – conduct, practice, course of action, discipline
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root car (to move, conduct)
  Root: car (class 1)

दीक्षितः (dīkṣitaḥ) - initiated, consecrated, vowed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīkṣita

dīkṣita - initiated, consecrated, prepared for a solemn rite, one who has taken a vow

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root dīkṣ (to initiate, consecrate).

Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the wood

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'years'.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years, rainy seasons

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rainy season, cloud, rain

Note: Used to denote duration.

वासाय (vāsāya) - for residence, for dwelling

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vāsa

vāsa - residence, dwelling, abode, clothing

Derived from root vas (to dwell)

Root: vas (class 1)

उपजगाम (upajagāma) - went near, approached, went to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of upagam

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)