महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-205, verse-23

सोऽभिवाद्य गुरून्सर्वांस्तैश्चापि प्रतिनन्दितः ।
धर्मराजमुवाचेदं व्रतमादिश्यतां मम ॥२३॥

23. so'bhivādya gurūnsarvāṁstaiścāpi pratinanditaḥ ,
dharmarājamuvācedaṁ vratamādiśyatāṁ mama.

23. saḥ abhivādya gurūn sarvān taiḥ ca api pratīnanditaḥ
dharmarājam uvāca idam vratam ādiśyatām mama

23. Having greeted all his elders, and being greeted in return by them, he said this to Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira): "Let my vow be commanded to me."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted

• गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers, elders, spiritual guides

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• प्रतीनन्दितः (pratīnanditaḥ) - greeted in return, blessed, honored

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - to Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• इदम् (idam) - this

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance

• आदिश्यताम् (ādiśyatām) - let it be commanded, let it be enjoined

• मम (mama) - my, to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'abhi' + root 'vad' + suffix 'ya' (for absolutives with prefixes).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers, elders, spiritual guides

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, elder, spiritual guide (guru)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, everyone

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

प्रतीनन्दितः (pratīnanditaḥ) - greeted in return, blessed, honored

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīnandita

pratīnandita - greeted, saluted, honored, blessed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix 'prati' + root 'nand' (to rejoice, to greet) + suffix 'ita'.

Prefix: prati

Root: nand (class 1)

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - to Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law, Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'ādiśyatām'.

आदिश्यताम् (ādiśyatām) - let it be commanded, let it be enjoined

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, Imperative (Loṭ) of ādiś

Prefix: ā

Root: diś (class 6)

मम (mama) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me