महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-205, verse-12

स प्रवेशाय चाशक्तो गमनाय च पाण्डवः ।
तस्य चार्तस्य तैर्वाक्यैश्चोद्यमानः पुनः पुनः ।
आक्रन्दे तत्र कौन्तेयश्चिन्तयामास दुःखितः ॥१२॥

12. sa praveśāya cāśakto gamanāya ca pāṇḍavaḥ ,
tasya cārtasya tairvākyaiścodyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ,
ākrande tatra kaunteyaścintayāmāsa duḥkhitaḥ.

12. saḥ praveśāya ca aśaktaḥ gamanāya ca
pāṇḍavaḥ tasya ca ārtasya taiḥ vākyaiḥ
codyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ ākrande
tatra kaunteyaḥ cintayāmāsa duḥkhitaḥ

12. That Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira), unable to (immediately engage in) action or (to simply) depart, was repeatedly urged by the words of that distressed (brahmin). The son of Kunti (Yudhiṣṭhira), distressed, reflected deeply at that outcry.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he, that (male))

• प्रवेशाय (praveśāya) - for engaging in action or entering the situation (for entering, for going in)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira was unable (to act or leave) (unable, powerless, helpless)

• गमनाय (gamanāya) - for departing (from the scene, ignoring the brahmin's plight) (for going, for departing)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (distressed brahmin) (of him, by him, his)

• च (ca) - and, also

• आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of the distressed brahmin (of the distressed, of the suffering one)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (words) (by those)

• वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by the brahmin's words (of complaint/urging) (by words, by speeches)

• चोद्यमानः (codyamānaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira being urged by the brahmin's words (being urged, being impelled, being exhorted)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• आक्रन्दे (ākrande) - at the scene of the brahmin's lamentation (in the outcry, at the lamentation)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kunti)

• चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he reflected, he deliberated

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, being distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (he, that (male))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Nominative masculine singular of tad.

प्रवेशाय (praveśāya) - for engaging in action or entering the situation (for entering, for going in)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of praveśa

praveśa - entry, entering, admission

Formed from pra-√viś (to enter).

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira was unable (to act or leave) (unable, powerless, helpless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - unable, powerless, incompetent

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and śakta (able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śakta – able, capable, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of √śak (to be able).
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaḥ and saḥ.

गमनाय (gamanāya) - for departing (from the scene, ignoring the brahmin's plight) (for going, for departing)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of gamana

gamana - going, moving, proceeding, departure

Derived from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu.

तस्य (tasya) - of that (distressed brahmin) (of him, by him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Genitive masculine singular of tad.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of the distressed brahmin (of the distressed, of the suffering one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, suffering, afflicted, pained

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root ṛ (to go, to move), here means 'gone to trouble' or 'afflicted.'

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with tasya (referring to the brahmin).

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (words) (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Instrumental masculine/neuter plural of tad.

वाक्यैः (vākyaiḥ) - by the brahmin's words (of complaint/urging) (by words, by speeches)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, statement

From √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

चोद्यमानः (codyamānaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira being urged by the brahmin's words (being urged, being impelled, being exhorted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of codyamāna

codyamāna - being urged, being impelled, being driven

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle of √cud (to urge, impel), with -ya- for passive and -māna.

Root: cud (class 10)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

आक्रन्दे (ākrande) - at the scene of the brahmin's lamentation (in the outcry, at the lamentation)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ākrandá

ākrandá - outcry, lamentation, wailing, cry of distress

From ā-√krand (to cry out, lament).

Prefix: ā

Root: krand (class 1)

Note: Refers to the brahmin's cry.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Formed from pronoun tad- (that) with adverbial suffix -tra.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhima, Arjuna)

Patronymic from Kunti.

चिन्तयामास (cintayāmāsa) - he thought, he reflected, he deliberated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of cintayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect

Periphrastic perfect form of √cint (to think, consider), formed with the root of "kṛ" in perfect tense.

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: From root cint (Class 10).

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, being distressed (distressed, sorrowful, unhappy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, pained, sorrowful, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √duḥkh (to suffer, feel pain).

Root: duḥkh (class 10)