महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-205, verse-14

उपप्रेक्षणजोऽधर्मः सुमहान्स्यान्महीपतेः ।
यद्यस्य रुदतो द्वारि न करोम्यद्य रक्षणम् ॥१४॥

14. upaprekṣaṇajo'dharmaḥ sumahānsyānmahīpateḥ ,
yadyasya rudato dvāri na karomyadya rakṣaṇam.

14. upaprekṣaṇajaḥ adharmaḥ sumahān syāt mahīpateḥ
yadi asya rudataḥ dvāri na karomi adya rakṣaṇam

14. "If I do not provide protection today for this man weeping at my door, a very great transgression of natural law (adharma) will arise for the king from (my) merely looking on (passively)."

14. יהיה זה חטא גדול מאוד של הזנחה מצד המלך, אם אני לא אגן היום על מי שבוכה בפתחו.

Words meanings summery:

• उपप्रेक्षणजः (upaprekṣaṇajaḥ) - arising from passively observing the injustice (born from looking on, arising from seeing passively)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a serious transgression of kingly duty (dharma) (unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, transgression of natural law (dharma))

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very large, immense

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be, should be

• महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - for me, as the king (of the king, for the king)

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• अस्य (asya) - of this brahmin (of this (one), his)

• रुदतः (rudataḥ) - of this brahmin who is crying (of the crying one, while crying)

• द्वारि (dvāri) - at the door, at the gate

• न (na) - not, no

• करोमि (karomi) - I provide (I do, I make, I perform)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection, guarding, preserving

Words meanings and morphology

उपप्रेक्षणजः (upaprekṣaṇajaḥ) - arising from passively observing the injustice (born from looking on, arising from seeing passively)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaprekṣaṇaja

upaprekṣaṇaja - born from looking on, arising from passive observation

Compound of upaprekṣaṇa (looking on, observation) and ja (born from).

Compound type : tatpurusha (upaprekṣaṇa+ja)

• upa – near, by, subordinate
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• prekṣaṇa – looking, seeing, observation
  noun (neuter)
  From pra-īkṣ (to look at, observe)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with adharmaḥ.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a serious transgression of kingly duty (dharma) (unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, transgression of natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, vice, opposite of natural law (dharma)

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and dharma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very large, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound of su- (good, very) and mahat (great).

Compound type : pra-adi tatpurusha (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (optative) (vidhi liṅ) of as

Potential mood (Optative)

Third person singular potential mood (vidhi liṅ) of root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - for me, as the king (of the king, for the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler of the earth (mahī)

Tatpuruṣa compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira as the king.

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Introduces a conditional clause.

अस्य (asya) - of this brahmin (of this (one), his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive masculine singular of idam.

रुदतः (rudataḥ) - of this brahmin who is crying (of the crying one, while crying)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - crying, weeping

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √rud (to cry, weep).

Root: rud (class 2)

द्वारि (dvāri) - at the door, at the gate

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvār

dvār - door, gate, entrance

Locative singular of dvār (feminine).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

करोमि (karomi) - I provide (I do, I make, I perform)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present tense

First person singular present indicative of root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection, guarding, preserving

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣaṇa

rakṣaṇa - protection, guarding, preserving, defending

Derived from root rakṣ (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse