महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-205, verse-14

उपप्रेक्षणजोऽधर्मः सुमहान्स्यान्महीपतेः ।
यद्यस्य रुदतो द्वारि न करोम्यद्य रक्षणम् ॥१४॥

14. upaprekṣaṇajo'dharmaḥ sumahānsyānmahīpateḥ ,
yadyasya rudato dvāri na karomyadya rakṣaṇam.

14. upaprekṣaṇajaḥ adharmaḥ sumahān syāt mahīpateḥ
yadi asya rudataḥ dvāri na karomi adya rakṣaṇam

14. "If I do not provide protection today for this man weeping at my door, a very great transgression of natural law (adharma) will arise for the king from (my) merely looking on (passively)."

Words meanings summery:

• उपप्रेक्षणजः (upaprekṣaṇajaḥ) - arising from passively observing the injustice (born from looking on, arising from seeing passively)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a serious transgression of kingly duty (dharma) (unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, transgression of natural law (dharma))

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very large, immense

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be, should be

• महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - for me, as the king (of the king, for the king)

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• अस्य (asya) - of this brahmin (of this (one), his)

• रुदतः (rudataḥ) - of this brahmin who is crying (of the crying one, while crying)

• द्वारि (dvāri) - at the door, at the gate

• न (na) - not, no

• करोमि (karomi) - I provide (I do, I make, I perform)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection, guarding, preserving

Words meanings and morphology

उपप्रेक्षणजः (upaprekṣaṇajaḥ) - arising from passively observing the injustice (born from looking on, arising from seeing passively)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaprekṣaṇaja

upaprekṣaṇaja - born from looking on, arising from passive observation

Compound of upaprekṣaṇa (looking on, observation) and ja (born from).

Compound type : tatpurusha (upaprekṣaṇa+ja)

• upa – near, by, subordinate
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• prekṣaṇa – looking, seeing, observation
  noun (neuter)
  From pra-īkṣ (to look at, observe)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with adharmaḥ.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - a serious transgression of kingly duty (dharma) (unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, transgression of natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, vice, opposite of natural law (dharma)

Formed with negative prefix 'a-' and dharma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, very large, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, immense

Compound of su- (good, very) and mahat (great).

Compound type : pra-adi tatpurusha (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential (optative) (vidhi liṅ) of as

Potential mood (Optative)

Third person singular potential mood (vidhi liṅ) of root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - for me, as the king (of the king, for the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler of the earth (mahī)

Tatpuruṣa compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira as the king.

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Introduces a conditional clause.

अस्य (asya) - of this brahmin (of this (one), his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive masculine singular of idam.

रुदतः (rudataḥ) - of this brahmin who is crying (of the crying one, while crying)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - crying, weeping

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √rud (to cry, weep).

Root: rud (class 2)

द्वारि (dvāri) - at the door, at the gate

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of dvār

dvār - door, gate, entrance

Locative singular of dvār (feminine).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

करोमि (karomi) - I provide (I do, I make, I perform)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present tense

First person singular present indicative of root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

रक्षणम् (rakṣaṇam) - protection, guarding, preserving

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rakṣaṇa

rakṣaṇa - protection, guarding, preserving, defending

Derived from root rakṣ (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)