महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-205, verse-25

इत्युक्तो धर्मराजस्तु सहसा वाक्यमप्रियम् ।
कथमित्यब्रवीद्वाचा शोकार्तः सज्जमानया ।
युधिष्ठिरो गुडाकेशं भ्राता भ्रातरमच्युतम् ॥२५॥

25. ityukto dharmarājastu sahasā vākyamapriyam ,
kathamityabravīdvācā śokārtaḥ sajjamānayā ,
yudhiṣṭhiro guḍākeśaṁ bhrātā bhrātaramacyutam.

25. iti uktaḥ dharmarājaḥ tu sahasā
vākyam apriyam katham iti abravīt vācā
śokārtaḥ sajjamānayā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ
guḍākeśam bhrātā bhrātaram acyutam

25. When addressed thus, Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira), afflicted with sorrow, suddenly spoke an unpleasant word, saying "How?" with a faltering voice. Thus, Yudhiṣṭhira, the brother, addressed his steadfast brother Guḍākeśa (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharmarāja, Yudhiṣṭhira

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, forcefully

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome

• कथम् (katham) - how?, why?

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• वाचा (vācā) - by voice, with speech

• शोकार्तः (śokārtaḥ) - afflicted with sorrow, distressed by grief

• सज्जमानया (sajjamānayā) - faltering (voice) (faltering, trembling, becoming stuck)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• गुडाकेशम् (guḍākeśam) - to Guḍākeśa (Arjuna)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• अच्युतम् (acyutam) - steadfast, unwavering (steadfast, unfallen, imperishable)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'vac' (to speak) + suffix 'ta', with 'vac' changing to 'uk'.

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Dharmarāja, Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of natural law, Yudhiṣṭhira, Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, abruptly, forcefully

(indeclinable)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, utterance, sentence

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, unwelcome

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)

कथम् (katham) - how?, why?

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

वाचा (vācā) - by voice, with speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word

शोकार्तः (śokārtaḥ) - afflicted with sorrow, distressed by grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokārta

śokārta - afflicted by sorrow

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (śoka+ārta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) + prefix 'ā' + suffix 'ta'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

सज्जमानया (sajjamānayā) - faltering (voice) (faltering, trembling, becoming stuck)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sajjamāna

sajjamāna - faltering, trembling, becoming stuck, hesitating

Present Middle Participle

Formed from root 'sajj' (to stick, to cling, to be obstructed) + suffix 'māna'.

Root: sajj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vācā'.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle)

Compound type : aluk-saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) + suffix 'ira'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

गुडाकेशम् (guḍākeśam) - to Guḍākeśa (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guḍākeśa

guḍākeśa - Guḍākeśa (epithet of Arjuna, 'lord of sleep' or 'thick-haired')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (guḍākā+īśa)

• guḍākā – sleep, ignorance
  noun (feminine)
• īśa – lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अच्युतम् (acyutam) - steadfast, unwavering (steadfast, unfallen, imperishable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acyuta

acyuta - steadfast, unfallen, imperishable, Vishnu (acyuta)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cyuta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cyuta – fallen, departed, moved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'cyu' (to move, to fall) + suffix 'ta'.
  Root: cyu (class 1)