महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-176, verse-31

पुरोहितः सोमकानां मन्त्रविद्ब्राह्मणः शुचिः ।
परिस्तीर्य जुहावाग्निमाज्येन विधिना तदा ॥३१॥

31. purohitaḥ somakānāṁ mantravidbrāhmaṇaḥ śuciḥ ,
paristīrya juhāvāgnimājyena vidhinā tadā.

31. purohitaḥ somakānām mantravit brāhmaṇaḥ śuciḥ
paristīrya juhāva agnim ājyena vidhinā tadā

31. Then, the pure Brahmin, who was the family priest (purohita) of the Somakas and knowledgeable in sacred verses (mantra), having spread the (sacrificial grass), offered oblations into the fire with clarified butter according to the prescribed ritual (vidhi).

Words meanings summery:

• पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - family priest, preceptor

• सोमकानाम् (somakānām) - of the Somakas

• मन्त्रवित् (mantravit) - knower of sacred verses (mantra)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean

• परिस्तीर्य (paristīrya) - Having spread the sacrificial grass (kuśa) (having spread, having strewn around)

• जुहाव (juhāva) - offered, sacrificed

• अग्निम् (agnim) - fire

• आज्येन (ājyena) - with clarified butter, with ghee

• विधिना (vidhinā) - according to rule, properly, by the prescribed method

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

पुरोहितः (purohitaḥ) - family priest, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purohita

purohita - family priest, spiritual preceptor, one placed in front

Prefix: puras

Root: dhā (class 3)

सोमकानाम् (somakānām) - of the Somakas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of somaka

somaka - name of a tribe or clan

मन्त्रवित् (mantravit) - knower of sacred verses (mantra)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mantravit

mantravit - knower of mantras (mantra)

From 'mantra' + 'vit' (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mantra+vit)

• mantra – sacred verse, hymn, incantation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• vit – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, belonging to Brahma

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright

Note: Agrees with purohitaḥ and brāhmaṇaḥ

परिस्तीर्य (paristīrya) - Having spread the sacrificial grass (kuśa) (having spread, having strewn around)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from prefix pari + √stṝ (to strew, to spread)

Prefix: pari

Root: stṝ (class 9)

जुहाव (juhāva) - offered, sacrificed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √hu

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular of √hu

Root: hu (class 3)

अग्निम् (agnim) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

Note: Object of juhāva

आज्येन (ājyena) - with clarified butter, with ghee

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ājya

ājya - clarified butter, ghee

Note: Instrument of offering

विधिना (vidhinā) - according to rule, properly, by the prescribed method

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, ordinance, prescribed ritual, method

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Manner of offering

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)